Deck 11: Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment

Question 1

Not leaving your house because you fear crowds,repeatedly being fired from jobs due to excessive drinking,or losing your life savings due to compulsive gambling are all examples of ____.

A) violation of cultural norms
B) atypical behavior
C) maladaptive behavior
D) personal distress

Answer 1

maladaptive behavior

Question 2

Identify the behavioral conditioning that explains why some individuals develop troubling behaviors and also why some people fail to develop appropriate behaviors.

A) Behavioral conditioning
B) Classical conditioning
C) Sociocultural conditioning
D) Operant conditioning

Answer 2

Operant conditioning

Question 3

What is the term used to refer to a pattern of atypical behavior that results in personal distress or significant impairment in a person's social or occupational functioning?

A) Psychodynamic perspective
B) Psychological disorder
C) Behavioral perspective
D) Cognitive perspective

Answer 3

Psychological disorder

Question 4

What is the term used to refer to an approach to psychology that proposes psychological disorders are caused by physiological processes,especially those occurring in the brain?

A) Behavioral perspective
B) Cognitive perspective
C) Biological perspective
D) None of the above

Question 5

Which model proposes that psychological disorders can be classified into discrete categories and are analogous to physical diseases?

A) Psychosocial model
B) Medical model
C) Diathesis-stress model
D) Emotional model

Question 6

What is a diathesis?

A) A condition in which a person experiences two psychological disorders at the same time
B) An underlying vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder
C) A psychological disorder related to anxiety in academic settings
D) A mood disorder characterized by sad moods

Question 7

Which psychological approach focuses on observable behavior?

A) Behavioral perspective
B) Cognitive perspective
C) Sociocultural perspective
D) Psychodynamic perspective

Question 8

____ perspective assumes that "what u see is not what you get" when analyzing mental illness,while ____ perspective assumes that disordered behavior is caused by readily identifiable factors in the person's environment and is the product of learning.

A) Psychodynamic;biological
B) Psychodynamic;behavioral
C) Behavioral;biological
D) Biological;sociocultural

Question 9

The ____ involves distinguishing one disorder from another.

A) symptom
B) prognosis
C) diagnosis
D) etiology

Question 10

A ____ is a prediction about the likely course of a disorder.

A) etiology
B) symptom
C) diagnosis
D) prognosis

Question 11

The ____ perspective holds that ineffective or inaccurate thinking is the root cause of mental illness.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) behavioral
D) sociocultural

Question 12

Which of the following are indicators of possible disordered behavior?

A) Atypical behavior
B) Violation of cultural norms
C) Maladaptive behavior
D) All of the above

Question 13

The inability to perform normal activities is an indication of ____.

A) violation of cultural norms
B) atypical behavior
C) personal distress
D) maladaptive behavior

Question 14

____ refers to the apparent causes of a disorder.

A) Prognosis
B) Diagnosis
C) Symptom
D) Etiology

Question 15

Which model proposes that it is the interaction of both the predisposition for a disorder and environmental stressors that cause psychological disorders?

A) Diathesis-stress model
B) Sociocultural perspective model
C) Psychodynamic perspective model
D) Culture-bound syndrome model

Question 16

Behavior that is significantly above or below the average in its frequency of occurrence is termed ____ and thus more likely to be classified as a psychological disorder.

A) marginal
B) atypical
C) maladaptive
D) malfunctioning

Question 17

Which psychological approach descended from the work of Sigmund Freud and focuses on unconscious forces and childhood experiences?

A) Behavioral perspective
B) Psychodynamic perspective
C) Cognitive perspective
D) Sociocultural perspective

Question 18

In Rosenhan's study,he and his colleagues presented themselves as psychiatric patients,claiming that they heard voices and were all subsequently diagnosed as having schizophrenia.What did this study demonstrate?

A) The biasing effects of diagnostic labels
B) The high prevalence of schizophrenia
C) The ineffectiveness of hospital staff in mental institutions
D) None of the above

Question 19

A ____ is a sign of a disorder.

A) symptom
B) prognosis
C) diagnosis
D) etiology

Question 20

Which psychological approach emphasizes how social and cultural forces influence mental illness?

A) Psychodynamic perspective
B) Sociocultural perspective
C) Cognitive perspective
D) Behavioral perspective

Question 21

Identify the classification system that provides clear direction to clinicians concerning the number,duration,and severity of symptoms that are necessary to assign a diagnosis.

A) Microelectromechanical Systems
B) DSM
C) Minimally invasive diagnostics systems
D) High throughput systems

Question 22

What is the abbreviated title given to the manual of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association that is used for descriptive diagnosis?

A) UPS
B) DSM
C) GMT
D) APA

Question 23

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by episodes of intense fear and dread that usually occurs suddenly,unexpectedly,and for no apparent reason?

A) Post-traumatic disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Panic disorder
D) Phobic disorder

Question 24

Which psychological disorder is characterized by strong irrational fears of specific objects or situations?

A) Panic disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 25

From an evolutionary perspective,what is the reason certain objects and situations make many of us unduly anxious?

A) We have recently evolved to respond this way to threats.
B) Darwin became anxious when he was studying evolving life forms.
C) Genes that trigger such a reaction are still part of our biological makeup.
D) None of the above

Question 26

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by a constant state of moderate anxiety?

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Panic disorder

Question 27

What is the term used to convey an attribute that serves to discredit a person in the eyes of others?

A) Humiliate
B) Stigma
C) Outcast
D) Outlaw

Question 28

Which type of psychological disorders are characterized by distressing,persistent anxiety or maladaptive behavior?

A) Mood disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Dissociative disorders
D) Somatoform disorders

Question 29

Javier constantly worries about germs and contamination,and he washes his hands continuously throughout the day.He even gets up during the night to wash his hands.With which of the following disorders is he likely to be diagnosed?

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Depression

Question 30

____ are repetitive thoughts or ideas that cause distress or interfere significantly with ongoing activity.

A) Compulsions
B) Obsessions
C) Affinities
D) Desires

Question 31

Consider that Ray uses his basement for normal activities despite his fear of having seen a big spider a few days back,and getting frightened seeing it.What would be the term psychologist would associate with this type of mild irrational fear that does not interfere with daily functioning?

A) Clinical phobia
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Subclinical phobia
D) Panic disorder

Question 32

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of life-threatening or other distressing events?

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Mood disorder

Question 33

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by repetitive,unwanted,and distressing actions and/or thoughts?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 34

What is the term used to denote repetitive actions or behaviors that cause distress or interfere significantly with ongoing activity?

A) Obsessions
B) Attitudes
C) Compulsions
D) Personality traits

Question 35

Rae has stopped attending classes and going out with her friends.In fact she avoids any public place,because she reports feeling anxious,her heart races and she fears she's going to die.When she is in such settings,with which of the following conditions is she likely to be diagnosed?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Agoraphobia
C) Depression
D) Hypochondriasis

Question 36

Rolinda was raped two years ago.The rapist was caught and incarcerated.Since the event,she experiences nightmares,is overly sensitive to noises in her apartment,regularly relives the trauma,and avoids strangers.With which of the following disorders is she likely to be diagnosed?

A) Post-traumatic stress disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Depression
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 37

How does the anxiety in generalized anxiety disorder differ from that of phobic disorders?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder has a clear object or situation that causes anxiety.
B) Generalized anxiety disorder has no clear object or situation that causes the anxiety.
C) Anxiety in generalized anxiety disorder occurs in discrete,relatively brief episodes.
D) Anxiety in phobic disorder does not occur in discrete,relatively brief episodes but instead is constant.

Question 38

In people who have obsessive compulsive disorder,how does the caudate nucleus differ from those who do not have obsessive compulsive disorder?

A) It is in the amygdala.
B) It does not operate correctly.
C) It does not operate at all.
D) It is missing.

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the DSM classification system?

A) Reliable but invalid
B) Based on a psychological model
C) Descriptive rather than explanatory
D) Diagnoses based on the underlying causes of symptoms

Question 40

Certain drugs alleviate anxiety symptoms and other drugs can induce those same symptoms.What does this statement indicate about the nature of anxiety disorders?

A) Environment is the only factor in anxiety disorders.
B) Genes have no role to play in the development of anxiety disorders.
C) Drugs are the triggering factors of anxiety disorders.
D) Biology plays a role in anxiety disorders.

Question 41

Which of the following is an effective therapy for treating seasonal affective disorder?

A) Aversion therapy
B) Exposure to bright full-spectrum fluorescent light
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Electroconvulsive therapy

Question 42

Which dissociative disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities,which take turns controlling the person's behavior?

A) Dissociative identity disorder
B) Dissociative fugue
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Disassociation

Question 43

Which of the following is not characteristic of depression?

A) Disruptions in consciousness
B) Low self-esteem
C) Slowed thinking
D) Lack of appetite

Question 44

What is the term used to describe psychological disorders characterized by disruptions in consciousness,memory,sense of identity,and/or perception?

A) Dissociative disorders
B) Somatoform disorders
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Mood disorders

Question 45

Which of the following is the most common example of a mood disorder?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Dissociative amnesia
C) Schizophrenia
D) Depression

Question 46

Which of the following terms is also known as multiple personality disorder?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Sociopath
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 47

Lee lives in New York.Her son disappeared five years ago.After contacting a private investigator,she found her son in California under a different name.He did not recognize her or have any memory of having lived anywhere other than San Diego.With which of the following conditions might he most likely be diagnosed?

A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Disassociation
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Dissociative identity

Question 48

Which of the following factors contributes to anxiety disorders?

A) Biological
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) All of the above

Question 49

What is the term used to describe an excessively elated and active emotional state?

A) Depression
B) Mania
C) Anxiety
D) Phobia

Question 50

Why is bipolar disorder considered to be a biological disorder?

A) It is caused by a virus.
B) It has a clear genetic influence.
C) It imposes limitations on survival.
D) All of the above

Question 51

Jack,a software engineer,goes to the casino and loses the family's life savings in a single session at the roulette wheel after which he decides to take the car,driving it at a high speed of 100 miles per hour.He has an accident that costs him his life.What was state was Jack likely in before his death?

A) Depressive
B) Manic
C) Dissociative
D) None of the above

Question 52

According to the two-process conditioning model,____ conditioning may instill conditioned emotional responses,and ____ conditioning may reinforce the person's avoidance response.

A) classical;operant
B) cognitive;classical
C) behavioral;cognitive
D) aversive;operant

Question 53

Which type of psychological disorders are characterized by emotional extremes that cause significant disruption in daily functioning?

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Mood disorders
C) Dissociative disorders
D) Somatoform disorders

Question 54

The county Ellen resided in experienced a twister,which brought her home to shambles.The next day Ellen was found wandering in the streets.A good samaritan approached her to enquire her whereabouts,but to no avail.She remembered none of her basic details.This condition persisted for months.What could be Ellen's possible diagnosis?

A) Dissociative fugue
B) Dementia
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Anxiety disorder

Question 55

Which dissociative disorder is characterized by a sudden departure from home or work,combined with loss of memory of the old identity and the assumption of a new identity?

A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Dissociative fugue
C) Disassociation
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 56

A person in a(n)____ state experiences buoyant,exuberant mood and boundless energy,and so does not feel the need for sleep,and often has increased appetites,and speaks and moves rapidly.

A) depressed
B) anxiety
C) manic
D) phobic

Question 57

Which subtype of depression is characterized by symptoms of depression at particular times of the year?

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Dysthymia
C) Seasonal affective disorder
D) All of the above

Question 58

Which of the following terms is used to describe a chronic,low-level depression lasting more than two years?

A) Anxiety
B) Dysthymia
C) Mania
D) Bipolar

Question 59

Which dissociative disorder is characterized by a sudden loss of memory of one's identity and other personal information?

A) Disassociation
B) Dissociative fugue
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 60

Which disorder is characterized by extreme and persistent negative moods and the inability to experience pleasure by participating in activities one previously enjoyed?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Depression
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 61

Which of the following professionals is legally authorized to prescribe medication for clients seeking therapy?

A) Social workers
B) School psychologists
C) Psychologists
D) Psychiatrists

Question 62

What is the term used for the treatment of psychological disorders by employing psychological methods that include a personal relationship between a trained therapist and a client;this therapy focuses on changing disordered thoughts,behaviors,and emotions associated with specific psychological disorders.

A) Behavioral
B) Psychotherapy
C) Biomedical
D) Cognitive

Question 63

Someone who is habitually distrustful and suspicious of others' motives may exhibit a ____ personality disorder.

A) narcissistic
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) paranoid

Question 64

Schizophrenia occurs with what frequency among men and women?

A) About equal frequency
B) Twice as much in men as women
C) Twice as much in women as men
D) Four times as much in men

Question 65

What is the term used to describe psychological disorders characterized by general styles of living that are ineffective and lead to problems for the person and for others?

A) Somatoform disorders
B) Anxiety disorders
C) Personality disorders
D) Phobic disorders

Question 66

____ therapies involve the treatment of psychological disorders by altering brain functioning through the use of physical or chemical interventions.

A) Psychological
B) Cognitive
C) Biomedical
D) Behavioral

Question 67

Bernard spent much of his juvenile years incarcerated for petty crimes.He frequently takes advantage of young naive women in his adulthood by using them for a place to live and money to spend.He has no remorse for his actions,even when it causes the women pain.With which of the following personality disorders is Bernard likely to be diagnosed?

A) Borderline
B) Antisocial
C) Histrionic
D) Narcissistic

Question 68

What are the two broad categories of therapy?

A) Biomedical and spiritual
B) Spiritual and psychological
C) Psychological and emotional
D) Psychological and medical

Question 69

____ is associated with personality traits that are extreme and inflexible,and that ultimately lead the person to have problems in daily functioning.

A) Perfectionism
B) Panic disorder
C) Personality disorder
D) Anxiety disorder

Question 70

What is another term used to refer to psychopathy?

A) Antisocial personality disorder
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Narcissistic personality disorder
D) Histrionic personality disorder

Question 71

What is the term used to describe a psychological disorder characterized by severe impairment in thinking such as hallucinations,delusions,or loose associations?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Seasonal affective disorder

Question 72

If someone exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia,which of the following would need to be true for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A) The symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months.
B) The symptoms are not due to another condition.
C) The symptoms have caused significant impairment in the person's daily functioning.
D) All of the above

Question 73

What is the percent of first-degree relatives of a schizophrenic patient that will develop schizophrenia?

A) 50 to 65 percent
B) 10 to 15 percent
C) 5 to 10 percent
D) 25 to 30 percent

Question 74

What does the psychodynamic theory suggest regarding dissociation?

A) Dissociation results from individual's attempt to maintain dual personalities.
B) Dissociation results from individual's attempt to repress some troubling event.
C) Dissociation results from individual's attempt to separate oneself from the current situation.
D) Dissociation results from individual's attempt to express some troubling event.

Question 75

Bill has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.What would his doctor expect to see in a scan of Bill's brain?

A) Enlargement of the pons
B) Enlargement of the cerebral cortex around the cerebral ventricles
C) Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and corresponding shrinkage in the surrounding cerebral cortex
D) Nothing unusual would appear on the scan.

Question 76

When Irma enters a room,she expects everyone to stop what they are doing and greet her.She often tells people that if it were not for her,the office she works in would not be in business.Irma's world revolves around her and she expects that everyone else does,too.For this reason she does not have many friends.With which of the following personality disorders might she likely to be diagnosed with?

A) Antisocial
B) Histrionic
C) Avoidant
D) Narcissistic

Question 77

With which therapeutic perspective is Sigmund Freud associated?

A) Psychodynamic
B) Biomedical therapies
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Behavioral therapy

Question 78

Which of the following factors contribute to the cause of antisocial personality disorder?

A) Biological and environmental
B) Environmental and cognitive
C) Cognitive and behavioral
D) Biological and cognitive

Question 79

Max is so disorganized in his thinking that he is unable to speak in complete sentences and babbles.Occasionally,he even jumps from topic to topic so rapidly that his speech is unclear.With what disorder might Max be diagnosed?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Stammer
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Question 80

What is the term that describes when a person is out of touch with reality?

A) Psychosis
B) Anxiety
C) Dysmorphic
D) Antisocial