Deck 64: Fetal Urogenital System

Question 1

Which one of the following sites of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common?

A) Ureterovesical junction
B) Level of the urethra
C) Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
D) Junction of the pyramids and the major capsule

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Normal amniotic fluid volume cannot exclude renal agenesis before _____ weeks' gestation.

A) 12 to 14
B) 20 to 24
C) 14 to 16
D) 18 to 20

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Protrusion of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder, which contains the trigone of the bladder and the ureteric orifices, is called which one of the following?

A) Limb-body wall syndrome
B) Prune belly syndrome
C) Cryptorchidism
D) Exstrophy of the bladder

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet may be found in which one of the following conditions?

A) Potter syndrome
B) Infantile polycystic disease
C) Meckel-Gruber syndrome
D) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

Question 5

The kidneys initially lie in which one of the following positions?

A) Far apart in the pelvis
B) Very close together in the pelvis
C) Close together in the upper abdomen
D) Far apart in the upper abdomen

Question 6

An anechoic cystic structure within the fetal bladder is most likely a ______________.

A) diverticulum
B) ureterocele
C) urachal cyst
D) ureterovesical obstruction

Question 7

The permanent kidneys arise from the ____________________.

A) pronephros
B) metanephros
C) mesonephroi
D) mesoderm

Question 8

All of the following findings are observed in hydronephrosis except:

A) anteroposterior (AP) renal pelvic diameter is greater than 5 to 10 millimeters (mm).
B) rim of renal parenchyma is preserved.
C) calyceal distention is seen with central pelvis communication.
D) renal enlargement is found.

Question 9

The bladder wall thickness in a fetus is normally _____ mm.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 10

The renal system fails to develop in which one of the following conditions?

A) Posterior urethral valve
B) Potter syndrome
C) Prune belly syndrome
D) Renal agenesis

Question 11

Which one of the following conditions develops if the lumen of the allantois persists while the urachus forms?

A) Urachal fistula
B) Urachal cyst
C) Exstrophy of the bladder
D) Urachal sinus

Question 12

The most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis in the fetus is which one of the following?

A) Pelviureteric obstruction
B) Meckel-Gruber syndrome
C) Multicystic renal dysplasia
D) Bladder outlet obstruction

Question 13

Sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome include all of the following except:

A) oligohydramnios.
B) pulmonary hypoplasia.
C) fetal ascites.
D) renal agenesis.

Question 14

The normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 weeks' gestation should not exceed _____ mm.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

Question 15

Which one of the following characteristics of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common?

A) Distinct renal pelvis
B) Multiple noncommunicating cysts of variable size
C) Large kidneys with hyperechoic parenchyma
D) Oligohydramnios

Question 16

A dilated bladder with a "keyhole" appearance is most likely which one of the following conditions?

A) Ureterovesical junction obstruction
B) Posterior urethral valve obstruction
C) Reflux of the ureter into the bladder
D) UPJ obstruction

Question 17

The ureteric bud gives rise to all of the following except the:

A) ureter.
B) renal pelvis.
C) Bowman capsule.
D) calyces.

Question 18

A condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present is ______________.

A) cryptorchidism
B) hermaphroditism
C) hydrometrocolpos
D) hypospadias

Question 19

Sonographic findings in complete renal agenesis include all of the following except:

A) oligohydramnios.
B) absence of urine in the fetal bladder.
C) dilated fetal bladder.
D) small thorax.

Question 20

Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at ______ weeks' gestation.

A) 12
B) 15
C) 18
D) 20

Question 21

The testes are not visible within the scrotal sac until approximately _____ weeks' gestation.

A) 25
B) 28
C) 32
D) 36

Question 22

Renal malformations may be divided into which of the following two categories?

A) Cystic and solid
B) Cystic and obstructive
C) Congenital and obstructive
D) Congenital and cystic

Question 23

Which one of the following statements about a fetal ovarian cyst is incorrect?

A) A fetal ovarian cyst often appears multiseptated.
B) A fetal ovarian cyst often appears bilaterally.
C) A fetal ovarian cyst results from maternal hormone stimulation.
D) A fetal ovarian cyst has no diagnostic significance.

Question 24

When the fetal kidneys appear enlarged and echogenic, the sonographer should suspect which one of the following conditions?

A) Multicystic renal dysplasia
B) Infantile polycystic disease
C) Renal duplication
D) Congenital hydronephrosis

Question 25

Sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction include all of the following except:

A) hydroureter.
B) oligohydramnios.
C) thinning of the bladder wall.
D) hydronephrosis.