Deck 62: Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Which of the following types of anterior abdominal wall defects are the most common?

A) Gastroschisis, inguinal hernia, and ectopia cordis
B) Omphalocele, ectopia cordis, and umbilical hernia
C) Gastroschisis, umbilical hernia, and omphalocele
D) Omphalocele, gastroschisis, and limb-body wall complex

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most dramatic finding in ectopia cordis is which one of the following?

A) Cleft lip and palate
B) Umbilical vein separate from the umbilical arteries
C) Heart outside of the thoracic cavity
D) Omphalocele

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Evaluation of the fetal abdominal wall that demonstrates evisceration of the bowel to the right of the umbilical cord is most representative of which one of the following?

A) Gastroschisis
B) Omphalocele
C) Limb-body wall defect
D) Umbilical hernia

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A critical part of the process of closing the abdominal wall is which one of the following?

A) Herniation of the midgut
B) Embryonic folding
C) Shortening of the neural tube
D) Expansion of the amniotic cavity

Question 5

Limb-body wall defects are more common:

A) on the right side than the left side.
B) on the left side than the right side.
C) in females.
D) anteriorly than posteriorly.

Question 6

The prognosis for an infant with an uncomplicated gastroschisis is which one of the following?

A) Excellent
B) Moderate
C) Poor
D) Extremely poor

Question 7

Bladder exstrophy is characterized by a defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder. This abnormality may be accompanied by all of the following except:

A) omphalocele.
B) inguinal hernia.
C) gastroschisis.
D) undescended testes.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about a gastroschisis is false?

A) Gastroschisis is found more frequently in males.
B) Gastroschisis is located next to the normal cord insertion.
C) MSAFP levels are significantly elevated.
D) Small bowel is not always found in the herniation.

Question 9

A high or superumbilical omphalocele is usually the primary finding in which one of the following conditions?

A) Limb-body wall complex
B) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
C) Meckel-Gruber syndrome
D) Pentalogy of Cantrell

Question 10

An anomaly with large cranial defects, facial cleft, large body-wall defects, and limb abnormalities is called which one of the following?

A) Pentalogy of Cantrell
B) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) Limb-body wall complex

Question 11

If a low omphalocele is found in the fetus, other anomalies may include all of the following except:

A) bladder or cloacal exstrophy.
B) anal atresia.
C) esophageal atresia.
D) spina bifida.

Question 12

A 19-week fetus with elevated MSAFP shows herniated, free-floating bowel loops, which most likely represent a(n) __________________.

A) omphalocele
B) umbilical hernia
C) gastroschisis
D) jejunoileal atresia

Question 13

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome includes all of the following except:

A) organomegaly.
B) macroglossia.
C) omphalocele.
D) gastroschisis.

Question 14

A defect in the lower abdominal wall and anterior wall of the urinary bladder is which one of the following?

A) Cloacal exstrophy
B) Amniotic band syndrome
C) Umbilical hernia
D) Ectopic bladder

Question 15

The rupture of the amnion that leads to entrapment or entanglement of the fetal parts by the "sticky" chorion is called which one of the following?

A) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
B) Amniotic band syndrome
C) Pentalogy of Cantrell
D) Gastroschisis

Question 16

The five defects of pentalogy of Cantrell include which of the following?

A) Omphalocele, ectopic lung, proximal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and anterior pericardium
B) Gastroschisis, ectopic heart, proximal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and anterior pericardium
C) Omphalocele, ectopic heart, distal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and diaphragmatic pericardium
D) Gastroschisis, ectopic lung, distal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and diaphragmatic pericardium.

Question 17

A gastroschisis is a consequence of atrophy of which one of the following vessels?

A) Right umbilical vein
B) Left umbilical vein
C) Right umbilical artery
D) Left umbilical artery

Question 18

The normal embryologic herniation of the bowel permits which one of the following?

A) Expansion of the thorax
B) Development of the intra-abdominal organs
C) Development of the umbilical cord
D) Development of the diaphragm

Question 19

If omphalocele and scoliosis are found in the fetus, which one of the following conditions should be considered?

A) Pentalogy of Cantrell
B) Skeletal dysplasia
C) Limb-body wall complex
D) Amniotic band syndrome

Question 20

Which one of the following statements about an omphalocele is correct?

A) The herniation is covered by a membrane that consists of amnion and chorion.
B) An omphalocele that contains only bowel has a higher risk for chromosomal abnormalities.
C) The maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level will be significantly elevated.
D) An omphalocele is a periumbilical defect located to the right of the umbilicus.

Question 21

The hepatic bud enlarges and the right umbilical vein atrophies during the _____ gestational week.

A) sixth
B) seventh
C) eighth
D) ninth

Question 22

The umbilical vein drains all of the following except the:

A) placenta.
B) body stalk.
C) yolk sac.
D) evolving abdominal wall.

Question 23

The herniation of an omphalocele is covered by a membrane that consists of the __________ and __________.

A) amnion; chorion
B) amnion; peritoneum
C) chorion; Wharton's jelly
D) amnion; Wharton's jelly

Question 24

Notably dilated, free-floating bowel loops may suggest which one of the following?

A) Infarction
B) Amniotic band syndrome
C) Intrauterine growth restriction
D) Hydrops

Question 25

Common anomalies coexisting with a gastroschisis include which one of the following?

A) Cleft lip
B) Renal agenesis
C) Cardiac defects
D) None of the above