Deck 59: Fetal Face and Neck

Question 1

Which one of the following results from a malformation of the lymphatic system?

A) Teratoma
B) Goiter
C) Cystic hygroma
D) Brachial cleft cyst

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most common neck mass is which one of the following?

A) Cystic hygroma colli
B) Cervical meningomyelocele
C) Hemangioma
D) Goiter

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Craniosynostosis may be defined as which one of the following?

A) Wide cranial sutures
B) Overlapping cranial sutures
C) Protrusion of the meninges outside the sutures
D) Premature closure of the cranial sutures

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the most common neck mass in the fetus?

A) Teratoma
B) Brachial cleft cyst
C) Cervical meningomyelocele
D) Cystic hygroma

Question 5

An elongated forehead in the sagittal plane and triangular in shape in the axial plane describes which one of the following abnormalities?

A) Trigonocephaly
B) Otocephaly
C) Strabismus
D) Microcephaly

Question 6

The most common congenital anomaly of the face is which one of the following?

A) Macroglossia
B) Micrognathia
C) Hypotelorism
D) Cleft lip

Question 7

The optimal gestational age for measuring the nuchal translucency is _______ weeks.

A) 10 through 12
B) 11 through 13
C) 14 through 16
D) 18 through 20

Question 8

Which one of the following imaging planes is best for imaging the cleft lip and palate?

A) Transverse
B) Longitudinal
C) Transverse oblique
D) Modified coronal

Question 9

Which one of the following terms describes a small chin?

A) Microglossia
B) Micrognathia
C) Microphthalmia
D) Microrhinia

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about cleft lip and palate is false?

A) A medial cleft lip is caused by an incomplete merging of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline.
B) An oblique facial cleft is the failure of the maxillary prominence to merge with the lateral nasal swelling; the nasolacrimal duct is exposed.
C) A complete bilateral cleft lip and palate is a small gap in the left upper lip on the modified coronal view; the nose is flattened and widened.
D) A unilateral complete cleft lip and palate is an incomplete fusion of the maxillary prominence to the medial prominence on one side; the modified coronal view is used.

Question 11

Differential considerations for cystic hygroma include all of the following except:

A) goiter.
B) nuchal edema.
C) brachial cleft cyst.
D) thyroglossal duct cyst.

Question 12

The bridge of the nose originates from the ____________ prominence.

A) frontal
B) medial nasal
C) maxillary
D) optic

Question 13

Extensive facial screening may be hindered by all of the following except:

A) bone shadowing.
B) poor fetal positioning.
C) polyhydramnios.
D) maternal obesity.

Question 14

Ear malformation may be observed in which one of the following?

A) Pierre Robin syndrome
B) Goldstein syndrome
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
D) Goldenhar syndrome

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about facial anomalies is correct?

A) Fetal facial anomalies are homogeneous.
B) Hemangiomas do not occur in the face and neck.
C) Facial anomalies occur as isolated defects or as part of a syndrome.
D) Doppler evaluation of facial masses is discouraged because of possible bioeffects to the fetus.

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about an epignathus is false?

A) An epignathus is a teratoma located in the oropharynx.
B) The mass may be highly complex and contain solid, cystic, or calcified components.
C) Swallowing is not impaired in fetuses with epignathus.
D) A small stomach may be present.

Question 17

Which one of the following statements about the facial profile is incorrect?

A) The facial profile appears as a curvilinear surface with a differentiation of the forehead, nose, lips, and chin.
B) The facial profile demonstrates a cloverleaf skull shape.
C) The facial profile has frontal bossing, which is described as a lemon-shaped skull or an absent depressed nasal bridge.
D) The facial profile has a strawberry-shaped cranium, which is described as a bulging of the occipital bones.

Question 18

Evaluation of the nasal triad should include all of the following except:

A) nostril symmetry.
B) nostril length.
C) nasal septum integrity.
D) continuity of the upper lip to exclude cleft lip and palate.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about the fetal face is false?

A) The fetal profile is well imaged with transvaginal sonography beginning late in the first trimester to early in the second trimester.
B) The modified coronal view is best to image a cleft lip and palate.
C) The maxilla and orbits are well imaged in a true sagittal plane.
D) The longitudinal view demonstrates the nasal bones, soft tissue, and mandible.

Question 20

Proboscis suggests which one of the following abnormalities?

A) Trisomy 18
B) Cephalocele
C) Holoprosencephaly
D) Pierre Robin syndrome

Question 21

Which one of the following statements about neck teratomas is incorrect?

A) They are usually unilateral.
B) They may demonstrate a complex appearance.
C) They are usually located posteriorly.
D) Color Doppler may be helpful in diagnosis.

Question 22

Congenital anomalies of the face occur in 1 in ______ births.

A) 2000
B) 1500
C) 600
D) 1200

Question 23

An isolated unilateral cleft lip defect commonly originates:

A) in the midline.
B) on the left side of the face.
C) on the right side of the face.
D) in the mouth.

Question 24

Which one of the following statements about a fetal goiter is incorrect?

A) A fetal goiter appears symmetric.
B) A fetal goiter appears heterogeneous.
C) A mass arises from the anterior neck.
D) A fetal goiter is associated with maternal thyroid disease.

Question 25

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is seen more frequently in which one of the following groups?

A) Caucasians
B) African Americans
C) Asians
D) Native Americans