Deck 53: Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography

Question 1

Symmetric IUGR is usually the result of which one of the following?

A) Second-trimester infection
B) Placental insufficiency
C) First-trimester insult
D) Maternal renal disease

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Calculating a macrosomic index can be performed by subtracting the __________ from the ___________.

A) chest circumference; AC
B) BPD; chest circumference
C) BPD; AC
D) chest circumference; BPD

Answer 2

B

Question 3

An S/D ratio of the umbilical artery can be used to evaluate fetal well-being:

A) beginning at 20 weeks of gestation.
B) after 25 weeks of gestation.
C) after 30 weeks of gestation.
D) throughout the pregnancy.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Increased vascular resistance to the fetus is reflected by a(n) ______________.

A) decrease in the systolic-to-diastolic (S/D) ratio
B) decrease in pulsatility index
C) increase in the S/D ratio
D) decrease in both the S/D ratio and the pulsatility index

Question 5

IUGR is most commonly defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) _____________ for a given gestational age.

A) below the 10^th percentile
B) at or below the 10^th percentile
C) at or below the 5^th percentile
D) below the 5^th percentile

Question 6

Which one of the following is not a parameter of a biophysical profile?

A) Nonstress test
B) Amniotic fluid volume
C) Fetal swallowing
D) Fetal breathing movement

Question 7

An increased incidence of morbidity and mortality as the result of head and shoulder injuries is found in which one of the following?

A) Microsomic fetus
B) Neural tube fetus
C) Macrosomic fetus
D) Fetus with radial dysplasia

Question 8

The normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) should range between ___________ centimeters (cm).

A) 1 and 5
B) 5 and 8
C) 7 and 16
D) 8 and 22

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about amniotic fluid is false?

A) Oligohydramnios occurs if the fetus cannot urinate.
B) Polyhydramnios develops if the fetus cannot swallow.
C) An amniotic fluid pocket greater than 5 cm may represent IUGR.
D) Not all oligohydramnios are associated with IUGR.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about IUGR is false?

A) The BPD used alone is a poor indicator of IUGR.
B) The HC:AC ratio is useful in determining the type of IUGR.
C) The FL may decrease in size with symmetric IUGR.
D) The FL:AC ratio is a good positive predictive value of IUGR.

Question 11

Clinical observations for IUGR include all of the following except:

A) increased fundal height.
B) decreased fetal motion.
C) grade 3 placenta before 36 weeks.
D) decreased placental thickness.

Question 12

Macrosomia is defined as a estimated fetal weight (EFW) or birth weight of which one of the following?

A) EFW above 90% for estimated gestational age
B) Birth weight above 3900 grams (g) for birth weight
C) EFW at 95% for estimated gestational age
D) EFW above 95% for estimated gestational age

Question 13

The single most useful biometric parameter to assess fetal growth is which one of the following parameters?

A) BPD
B) Chest circumference
C) AC
D) FL

Question 14

Which one of the following measurements incorporates several fetal growth parameters such as BPD, head circumference (HC), AC, and femur length (FL)?

A) Estimated fetal weight (EFW)
B) IUGR
C) Biophysical profile
D) Fetal growth chart

Question 15

Which is one of the growth problems seen in the fetus of a diabetic mother?

A) Small for gestational age
B) Macrosomia
C) Microsomia
D) Symmetric IUGR

Question 16

Significant maternal risk factors for IUGR include all of the following except:

A) history of a fetus with IUGR.
B) significant hypotension.
C) history of tobacco use.
D) significant placenta hemorrhage.

Question 17

The S/D ratio cannot be measured when which one of the following conditions is present?

A) Diastolic flow is continuous.
B) Systolic flow exceeds 100 cm/sec.
C) Acceleration time is decreased.
D) Diastolic flow is absent.

Question 18

The assessment of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including an evaluation of a cardiac nonstress test and the observation of fetal breathing movement, gross fetal body movements, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume, is known as which one of the following?

A) Apgar score
B) Nonstress test
C) Biophysical profile
D) Reflex index

Question 19

Asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may show all of the following except:

A) a placental problem.
B) head measurements correlating with dates.
C) body disproportionately smaller.
D) body and head small for dates.

Question 20

The placenta of the macrosomic fetus can become which one of the following?

A) Significantly thin
B) Significantly calcified
C) Extremely small
D) Significantly large

Question 21

Asymmetric IUGR is usually caused by which one of the following?

A) Chromosomal abnormalities
B) Maternal malnutrition
C) Placental insufficiency
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 22

Which one of the following fetal body organs is most severely affected by IUGR?

A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Kidney
D) Heart

Question 23

The single most sensitive indicator of IUGR is which one of the following?

A) Last menstrual period
B) FL
C) HC:AC ratio
D) AC

Question 24

Assessing amniotic fluid volume using the sum of four quadrants is called which one of the following?

A) Amniotic fluid index
B) Amniotic fluid volume
C) Total uterine volume
D) Pocket index

Question 25

An AFI of 9 cm is considered which one of the following?

A) Polyhydramnios
B) Oligohydramnios
C) Within the lower limits of the normal amniotic fluid volume
D) Premature rupture of membranes