Deck 38: Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation

Question 1

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is normally evaluated from the ____________ approach.

A) transtemporal
B) suboccipital
C) transorbital
D) submandibular

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following is not a limitation of a TCD examination?

A) Poor temporal window
B) Anatomic variations
C) Pulsed wave Doppler transducer
D) Patient movement

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Intracranial arterial velocities __________ with increasing age.

A) increase
B) decrease
C) expand
D) do not change

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The ________________ artery wraps around the cerebral peduncle.

A) middle cerebral
B) anterior cerebral
C) posterior cerebral
D) posterior communicating

Question 5

Blood flow in the ACA is normally ___________ the transducer.

A) toward
B) away from
C) bidirectional to
D) vertical to

Question 6

During color Doppler transcranial imaging, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) runs parallel to which one of the following bony landmarks?

A) Occipital bone
B) Cerebral peduncle
C) Sphenoid wing
D) Petrous ridge of the temporal bone

Question 7

The large terminal branch of the internal carotid artery is which one of the following?

A) Anterior cerebral artery
B) Middle cerebral artery
C) Posterior cerebral artery
D) Posterior communicating artery

Question 8

The acoustical intensity should be ___________ to evaluate the carotid siphon using the transorbital approach.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) not adjusted
D) doubled

Question 9

A _____-degree angle is assumed when performing TCD imaging examinations.

A) zero
B) 25
C) 45
D) 60

Question 10

Most users report ___________ velocities during TCD examinations.

A) peak-systolic
B) mean
C) end-diastolic
D) pulsatility

Question 11

The union of the two vertebral arteries forms which one of the following?

A) Basilar artery
B) Posterior cerebral artery
C) Posterior communicating artery
D) Anteroinferior cerebellar artery

Question 12

A high-resistance Doppler signal is normally characteristic of which one of the following arteries evaluated during a TCD examination?

A) Middle cerebral artery
B) Vertebral artery
C) Ophthalmic artery
D) No artery has a high resistance.

Question 13

A low hematocrit (less than 30%) is associated with _________ intracranial arterial velocities.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) unchanged
D) turbulent

Question 14

After evaluating the MCA, the color PRF may need to be __________ to evaluate the posterior cerebral artery (PCA).

A) increased
B) decreased
C) unadjusted
D) doubled

Question 15

When performing a transcranial color Doppler (TCD) imaging examination, the best results are obtained using a _____ transducer.

A) 10 kHz
B) 7.5 MHz
C) 5 MHz
D) 2 MHz

Question 16

A _____________ Doppler transducer is used for TCD imaging examinations.

A) pulsed wave
B) continuous wave
C) alternating
D) mechanical

Question 17

The interpretation of a TCD imaging examination is made from which one of the following?

A) Gray-scale image
B) Color display
C) Spectral waveforms
D) Color bar

Question 18

The two A1 segments of the ACA are connected by which one of the following?

A) A2 segment of the right ACA
B) Anterior communicating artery
C) A2 segment of the left ACA
D) Recurrent artery of Heubner

Question 19

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is located at a depth of 30-67 millimeters (mm). Select the mean velocity of the middle cerebral artery.

A) 62 $\pm$ 12 cm/sec
B) 50 $\pm$ 11 cm/sec
C) 39 $\pm$ 10 cm/sec
D) 36 $\pm$ 15 cm/sec

Question 20

Which one of the following parameters affects the intracranial velocities proximal to the circle of Willis?

A) Infarction
B) Cardiac output
C) Blood viscosity
D) Intracranial pressure

Question 21

All of the following parameters affects the intracranial velocities at the level of the circle of Willis except?

A) Vessel diameter
B) Turbulence
C) Blood viscosity
D) Vessel length

Question 22

OBJ: Describe the characteristics of the spectral Doppler waveforms obtained from arteries evaluated during a transcranial Doppler examination.
Identification of normal cranial arteries is based on all of the following except:

A) depth of sample volume.
B) blood flow direction.
C) blood flow velocity.
D) adjacent anatomic structures.

Question 23

Which one of the following windows is used to evaluate the vertebrobasilar system?

A) Transtemporal
B) Suboccipital
C) Transorbital
D) Submandibular

Question 24

Side-to-side differences that occur during a TCD imaging examination should be considered within normal limits if they are less than _____%.

A) 30
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 25

Blood flow in the MCA is normally __________________.

A) toward the transducer
B) away from the transducer
C) blue on color Doppler
D) both away from the transducer and blue on color Doppler