Deck 35: Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers

Question 1

Normal interventricular septal thickness during the third trimester should not exceed _______ mm.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In utero, the foramen ovale opens toward which one of the following?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which one of the following abnormalities is communication between the right and left atrium that persists after birth?

A) Patent ductus arteriosus
B) Ventricular septal defect
C) Persistent ductus venosus
D) Atrial septal defect

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The embryonic vascular system begins during the _____ week.

A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) fifth

Question 5

The right ventricle is formed from which one of the following structures?

A) Primitive vein
B) Septum primum
C) Bulbus cordis
D) Septum secundum

Question 6

A gestational age of 20 weeks would show a normal aortic measurement of ______ mm.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 7

In the four-chamber view, all pulmonary veins are imaged except which one of the following veins?

A) Left lower
B) Right lower
C) Left upper
D) Right upper

Question 8

In utero, the right heart is ______________ than the left heart.

A) much larger
B) slightly larger
C) slightly smaller
D) much smaller

Question 9

The _____________ forms the floor of the fossa ovale.

A) bulbus cordis
B) septum primum
C) annulus
D) sinoatrial node

Question 10

The four pulmonary veins bring blood from the lungs back into the ___________ wall of the ___________ atrium.

A) medial; left
B) posterior; left
C) medial; right
D) posterior; right

Question 11

The caudal region of the primitive heart is called the ___________________.

A) primitive atrium
B) truncus arteriosus
C) sinus venosus
D) primitive ventricle

Question 12

The cardinal vein returns blood from which one of the following?

A) Embryo
B) Yolk sac
C) Placenta
D) Heart

Question 13

The division of the heart into four chambers occurs during the _____ and _____ weeks of fetal development.

A) third; fourth
B) fourth; fifth
C) fifth; sixth
D) sixth; seventh

Question 14

The tricuspid valve is normally located ___________ the mitral valve.

A) slightly superior to
B) slightly inferior to
C) at the same level as
D) slightly ventral to

Question 15

In the four-chamber view at 18 weeks of gestation, the ventricles should each measure approximately _______ millimeters (mm).

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 16

Which one of the following is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A) Tricuspid valve
B) Foramen ovale
C) Mitral valve
D) Atrioventricular node

Question 17

The primitive cardiovascular system is formed by blood vessels including all of the following structures except the:

A) yolk sac.
B) chorion.
C) connecting stalk.
D) amnion.

Question 18

Which one of the following structures forms in the wall of the sinus venosus near its opening into the right atrium?

A) Sinoatrial node
B) Atrioventricular node
C) Purkinje fiber node
D) Moderator band

Question 19

Blood flow in the fetus communicates between the aorta and pulmonary arteries via which one of the following?

A) Fossa ovalis
B) Ductus venosus
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Pulmonary veins

Question 20

The ______________ is the first part of the atrial septum to grow from the dorsal wall of the primitive atrium. It fuses with the endocardial cushions.

A) septum primum
B) fossa ovale
C) septum secundum
D) fossa ovalis

Question 21

Fetal tachycardia is defined as a heart rate over _____ beats per minute.

A) 160
B) 180
C) 200
D) 220

Question 22

Fetal risk factors for congenital heart disease include all of the following abnormalities except:

A) an abnormal heart rate.
B) abnormal amniotic fluid collections.
C) extracardiac abnormalities.
D) a sibling with a cardiac abnormality.

Question 23

In fetal echocardiography, the normal peak systolic measurement of the mitral valve is ___________ centimeters per second (cm/sec).

A) 45-65-87
B) 40-60-77
C) 25-55-80
D) 40-60-100

Question 24

Which one of the following types of imaging is used to evaluate cardiac motion?

A) M-mode
B) B-mode
C) Pulse Doppler
D) Color Doppler