Deck 34: Introduction to Clinical Echocardiography: Pericardial Disease, Cardiomyopathies, and Tumors

Question 1

Identify the mitral inflow Doppler pattern demonstrated with constrictive pericarditis.

A) Shortened isovolumic contraction time
B) Early diastolic filling velocity
C) Pulmonary venous hum
D) Systolic flow reversal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What defines a pericardial effusion?

A) Serous fluid less than 15 ml between the visceral and parietal pericardium
B) An echo-free space between the visceral and parietal pericardium
C) Maintenance of less than 25 ml through the entire cardiac cycle
D) Fluid within the lung base on a transesophageal image

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the result of chronic pericardial disease?

A) Ventricular systolic dysfunction
B) Increased atrial filling
C) Constrictive pericarditis
D) High systemic output

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A) <15 mm
B) <800 mm
C) 0.5 to 2.0 cm
D) 25 mm

Question 5

Name the artifact that can mimic an intracardiac mass.

A) Enhancement
B) Lateral beam
C) Ghosting
D) Beam-width

Question 6

Pericardial fat is found __________ to the heart.

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) lateral
D) superior

Question 7

What is the normal thickness of the pericardial layers?

A) 1 to 2 mm
B) 5 to 6 mm
C) 15 to 20 mm
D) 0.5 to 2.0 cm

Question 8

Which of the following is a cause for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A) Gram-positive sepsis
B) Carbon dioxide exposure
C) Legionella infection
D) Premature ventricular contractions

Question 9

Identify one of the echocardiographic findings with congestive cardiomyopathy.

A) Increased wall thickness
B) Right ventricular thrombus
C) Tricuspid regurgitation
D) Left ventricular dilation

Question 10

Fluid found anterior to the descending aorta is a:

A) pleural effusion.
B) malignant effusion.
C) hemorrhagic effusion.
D) pericardial effusion.

Question 11

At what location does the pericardial effusion begin?

A) Anterior
B) Apical
C) Posterior
D) Lateral

Question 12

Choose the echocardiographic sign of constrictive pericarditis.

A) Biatrial enlargement
B) Decreased motion of the ventricular septum
C) Thinning of the pericardial layer
D) Septal thinning

Question 13

Which of the following is an echocardiographic finding of tamponade?

A) Increased respiratory changes of the LV
B) Moderate to large pericardial effusion
C) Collapsed inferior vena cava
D) Right atrial diastolic dilatation

Question 14

Which of the following is an echocardiographic finding of cardiac tamponade?

A) Small pericardial effusion
B) Right atrial systolic collapse
C) Collapsed inferior vena cava
D) Right ventricular enlargement

Question 15

Choose the Doppler finding affected by cardiac tamponade.

A) Early left atrial emptying
B) Premature ventricular contractions
C) Left ventricular diastolic filling
D) Systolic changes in the right ventricle

Question 16

Which of the following increases the risk for left ventricular thrombus?

A) Ejection fraction of more than 20%
B) Low velocity flow and blood stasis
C) Apical kinesis without flow
D) Right ventricular aneurysm

Question 17

Where would metastasis from renal adenocarcinoma be located in the heart?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Right ventricle
D) Left ventricle