Question 1

All of the following statements contribute to professional controls to prevent injury except:&#10;A) minimize sustained bending, twisting, reaching, lifting, and transducer pressure.&#10;B) vary scanning techniques and transducer grips.&#10;C) maintain equipment height, regardless of the sonographer.&#10;D) avoid forward and backward reaches.

Accepted Answer

Maintaining equipment height regardless of the sonographer does not contribute to preventing injury. Adjusting equipment height to match the sonographer's needs is crucial to avoid strain and promote ergonomic working conditions.

Question 2

Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in:&#10;A) bursitis.&#10;B) de Quervain disease.&#10;C) rotator cuff injury.&#10;D) carpal tunnel syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements is false?&#10;A) Sustained awkward postures can cause imbalances between the muscles that move and the muscles that stabilize.&#10;B) Repeatedly rotating the head, neck, and trunk causes one set of muscles to become weaker and longer.&#10;C) Asymmetric forces are exerted on the spine, causing misalignment.&#10;D) Nerve entrapment syndromes can result from increased muscle and tendon pressure on major nerves that run behind tightened muscles.

Accepted Answer

Repeated rotation of the head, neck, and trunk typically causes one set of muscles to become stronger and shorter, not weaker and longer. This is because the muscles being used more frequently will adapt to the demands placed on them, often leading to muscle imbalances.

Question 4

Inflammation of the shoulder bursa from repeated motion is called:&#10;A) rotator cuff injury.&#10;B) spinal degeneration.&#10;C) bursitis.&#10;D) thoracic outlet syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones and other moving parts such as muscles, tendons, or skin. When the shoulder bursa becomes inflamed from repeated motion, it is specifically referred to as bursitis.

Question 5

Repeated twisting of the forearm may trigger:&#10;A) epicondylitis.&#10;B) tenosynovitis.&#10;C) cubital tunnel.&#10;D) thoracic outlet syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Repeated twisting of the forearm can lead to epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, which is an inflammation of the tendons around the elbow due to repetitive motion.

Question 6

Risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include all of the following except:&#10;A) forceful exertions.&#10;B) prolonged static postures.&#10;C) repetitive motions.&#10;D) uniform temperatures.

Accepted Answer

Uniform temperatures are not a risk factor for developing musculoskeletal disorders. Risk factors typically include forceful exertions, prolonged static postures, and repetitive motions.

Question 7

All of the following components are necessary on an ultrasound system to make it ergonomically compatible except:&#10;A) fixed control panel.&#10;B) adjustable height monitor.&#10;C) system easily mobile with brakes.&#10;D) thin transducer cables.

Accepted Answer

A fixed control panel is not necessary for an ultrasound system to be ergonomically compatible. Ergonomics emphasizes adaptability to the user, including adjustable components like monitor height and mobile systems with brakes for easy positioning. Thin transducer cables also contribute to ergonomics by being easier to handle. However, a fixed control panel would limit the system's adaptability to different users and environments, making it less ergonomically compatible.

Question 8

Which one of the following is not defined as a Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMSD) injury?&#10;A) Restricted work&#10;B) Days away from work&#10;C) Musculoskeletal symptoms that remain for longer than 3 months&#10;D) Musculoskeletal symptoms requiring medical treatment beyond first aid

Accepted Answer

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) include injuries that result in restricted work, days away from work, or require medical treatment beyond first aid. Symptoms persisting for longer than 3 months without specifying the need for medical treatment or work restriction do not directly define a WRMSD injury.

Question 9

The sonographer should follow all of the following recommendations except:&#10;A) use mild transducer pressure when imaging superficial structures.&#10;B) grip the transducer tightly when imaging abdominal structures.&#10;C) avoid the temptation to be &#34;image-driven,&#34; sacrificing your body for a &#34;pretty picture&#34; that does not affect the diagnosis.&#10;D) maintain a firm grip on the transducer, using multiple angulations to obtain the best possible image.

Accepted Answer

Gripping the transducer tightly when imaging abdominal structures is not recommended because it can lead to strain and injury over time. Proper ergonomics and a relaxed grip are important to prevent musculoskeletal issues in sonographers.

Question 10

The type of tendonitis involving the thumb is called:&#10;A) carpal tunnel.&#10;B) cubital tunnel.&#10;C) epicondylitis.&#10;D) de Quervain disease.

Accepted Answer

De Quervain disease specifically affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist, causing pain and tenderness, especially when forming a fist, grasping or gripping something, or turning the wrist.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements is incorrect regarding administrative controls for the sonographer?&#10;A) The same type of examination performed throughout the day allows the muscles to become stronger.&#10;B) Examination gloves should have textured fingers to prevent the need to grip the transducer too tightly.&#10;C) Taking short &#34;mini&#34; breaks during examinations will relax muscles, especially in the shoulder and neck.&#10;D) Try to share bedside examinations with other staff members and perform these examinations only when absolutely necessary, not because it is simply more convenient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following statements is...

Question 12

Approximately how many occupational musculoskeletal disorders are reported annually to OSHA?&#10;A) 50,000&#10;B) 100,000&#10;C) 300,000&#10;D) 500,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many occupational musculoskeletal disorders are...

Question 13

The current term used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for ergonomic occupational injuries is:&#10;A) overuse syndrome.&#10;B) repetitive motion injury.&#10;C) musculoskeletal strain injury.&#10;D) work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The current term used by the Occupational...

Question 14

The main cause of shoulder pain associated with scanning is:&#10;A) gripping the transducer.&#10;B) abduction of the shoulder.&#10;C) poor sitting or standing posture.&#10;D) mechanical pressure against the shoulder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main cause of shoulder pain associated...

Question 15

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries of all of the following except:&#10;A) bones.&#10;B) muscles.&#10;C) tendons.&#10;D) joints.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries of...

Deck 3: Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography