Deck 28: Infant and Pediatric Hip

Question 1

When a person crosses his or her legs in a sitting position, which one of the following muscle groups is used?

A) Adductor
B) Abductor
C) Flexion
D) Extension

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The hip of a normal infant has a Graf alpha angle of ____________ degrees.

A) less than 43
B) less than 60
C) between 43 and 60
D) less than 77

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Sonographic examination of the infant hip is performed with a(n) _______________ transducer.

A) linear array
B) curvilinear
C) endocavity
D) vector array

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Indications for sonography of the neonatal hip include all of the following except:

A) to rule out hip dysplasia.
B) sacral dimple.
C) breech birth.
D) abnormal hip examination.

Question 5

The coronal neutral view of the subluxed infant hip demonstrates which one of the following?

A) Irregular and angled acetabular roof
B) Deformed labrum
C) Femoral head gradually migrating superiorly and laterally with decreased coverage of the femoral head
D) Femoral head resting against the bony acetabulum

Question 6

The sonographic protocol of the basic hip anatomy is imaged in _____ different views.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 7

The articulation of the head of the femur with the acetabulum of the hip bone forms the _______________.

A) hip joint
B) femoral triangle
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) ligament teres

Question 8

Which one of the following hips gives the appearance of a "ball on a spoon" in the mid-acetabulum in the coronal flexion view?

A) Subluxed
B) Dislocated
C) Frankly dislocated
D) Normal

Question 9

The femur is surrounded by all of the following structures except:

A) bursa.
B) muscles.
C) ligaments.
D) tendons.

Question 10

The alpha angle is the angle between the ___________ and the ______________.

A) baseline; acetabulum roof line
B) baseline; inclination line
C) acetabulum roof line; inclination line
D) baseline; acetabular labrum

Question 11

The hip bones are the fusion of three separate bones. Which one of the following bones does not belong in this group?

A) Ilium
B) Femur
C) Ischium
D) Pubis

Question 12

A type IV hip has an alpha angle of _______________ degrees and a beta angle of _______________ degrees.

A) less than 60; greater than 40
B) less than 43; greater than 77
C) less than 43; immeasurable
D) immeasurable; less than 60

Question 13

Select the maneuver that induces a "clunk" as the femoral head returns to the acetabulum.

A) Adduction
B) Barlow
C) Rotation
D) Ortolani

Question 14

In the ____________ maneuver, down and outward pressure is applied with the patient lying in a supine position with the hip adducted and flexed 90 degrees.

A) Galeazzi
B) push-and-pull
C) Barlow
D) Ortolani

Question 15

In the coronal neutral view, the sonographic finding of a frankly dislocated hip is which one of the following?

A) The femoral head rests against the bony acetabulum.
B) The femoral head migrates laterally and superiorly with decreased coverage of the femoral head.
C) The acetabular roof is irregular and angled.
D) The labrum may be deformed.

Question 16

The ligament in the shape of an inverted y or V passing from the anteroinferior iliac spine to each end of the intertrochanteric line is the _______________ ligament.

A) iliofemoral
B) obturator
C) femoral
D) gluteal

Question 17

In the "push-pull" maneuver, which one of the following findings is seen in the normal hip in the coronal neutral view?

A) The femoral head is never seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum.
B) The femoral head remains in place in the acetabulum.
C) The femoral head appears over the posterior lip of the triradiate cartilage as the femur is pushed.
D) The femoral head migrates laterally and posteriorly.

Question 18

Bending the hip backward is called:

A) adduction.
B) flexion.
C) extension.
D) abduction.

Question 19

Which movement does the psoas major, iliacus, and rectus femoris provide?

A) stabilization
B) rotation
C) adduction
D) flexion

Question 20

Which one of the following describes the femoral head completely out of the acetabulum?

A) Normal hip with abduction
B) Dislocated hip
C) Hip fracture
D) Hip dysplasia

Question 21

With treatment of hip displacement using the Pavlik harness, the hip should be positioned in flexion with adduction and ____________ rotation.

A) neutral
B) internal
C) external
D) either neutral or internal

Question 22

The gluteus maximus muscle is also known as a(n) ______________ muscle.

A) hamstring
B) extensor
C) abductor
D) adductor

Question 23

The physical signs of the development of a displacement of the hip include all of the following except:

A) prominence of trochanter.
B) extreme abduction.
C) shortening of the femur.
D) asymmetry of skinfolds.

Question 24

Choose the diagnostic criteria for subluxation.

A) Femoral head coverage between 54% and 56%
B) Femoral head coverage lower than 45%
C) Normal femoral head coverage
D) Femoral head coverage lower than 39%

Question 25

Which one of the following is moving sideways outward?

A) Flexion
B) Adduction
C) Abduction
D) Extension