Deck 10 (MR): The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true of cortisol (Select all that apply)?

A)It is secreted by the adrenal medulla.
B)It limits the damage that the process of inflammation can cause.
C)Hunger or physical injury will increase secretion of cortisol.
D)It stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
E)It stimulates protein synthesis in muscles for "fight or flight."
F)It helps raise blood pressure and lower heart rate.

Answer 1

B,C

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true of aldosterone (Select all that apply)?

A)It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
B)It increases the reabsorption of K+ ions by the kidneys.
C)It increases the excretion of Na+ ions by the kidneys.
D)Normal secretion helps maintain normal blood volume because water is reabsorbed by the kidneys.
E)In the absence of aldosterone,blood pressure will rise to dangerous levels.
F)Normal secretion helps prevent blood pH from rising too high.

Answer 2

A,D

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true of the gonadotropic hormones (Select all that apply)?

A)In women,FSH initiates the growth of ovarian follicles.
B)In men,FSH initiates production of sperm cells.
C)In women,LH inhibits FSH to prevent multiple births.
D)In men,LH stimulates secretion of testosterone by interstitial cells.
E)In women,FSH stimulates ovulation,the release of a mature ovum.
F)In women,LH causes a ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum.

Answer 3

A,B,D,F

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of parathyroid hormone (PTH)and calcitonin (Select all that apply)?

A)Both hormones are secreted by the parathyroid glands.
B)PTH increases the storage of calcium in bones.
C)Calcitonin increases the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys.
D)PTH stimulates the activation of vitamin C by the kidneys.
E)PTH increases the absorption of calcium from food in the small intestine.f.Calcitonin is secreted when the blood calcium level decreases.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of thyroxine (and T?)and growth hormone (GH)(Select all that apply)?

A)Thyroxine contains iodine and GH contains iron.
B)Thyroxine increases the use of all food types for energy.
C)GH increases the use of amino acids to produce energy.
D)Both hormones increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues.
E)Both hormones increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells.
F)Thyroxine is secreted throughout life,but GH is secreted only when the body is growing in height.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?

A)Hyperglycemia stimulates secretion of insulin.
B)Hypocalcemia stimulates secretion of PTH.
C)Decreased sodium in the body stimulates secretion of aldosterone.
D)ACTH stimulates secretion of cortisol.
E)Increased metabolic rate stimulates secretion of thyroxine.f.Sympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of epinephrine.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)and oxytocin (Select all that apply)?

A)Both of these hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the anterior pituitary gland.
B)ADH may also be called vasopressin because in large amounts it causes vasoconstriction.
C)Oxytocin inhibits contractions of the uterus to prevent premature labor.
D)After birth,oxytocin causes release of milk from the mammary glands.
E)ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water to increase urinary output.
F)The stimulus for secretion of ADH is any decrease in body water.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of epinephrine and norepinephrine (Select all that apply)?

A)Epinephrine increases heart rate and norepinephrine decreases heart rate.
B)Norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera.
C)Epinephrine mimics the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.
D)The major effect of norepinephrine is to raise blood pressure.
E)Epinephrine stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen by the liver.
F)Both hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.
G)Both hormones are secreted in stressful situations.
H)Epinephrine causes the bronchioles to dilate.

Question 9

Which of the following statements are true of insulin and glucagon (Select all that apply)?

A)Insulin is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells,and glucagon is secreted by pancreatic beta cells.
B)Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.
C)Insulin lowers the blood glucose level.
D)Glucagon increases the use of fats and excess amino acids for energy production between meals.
E)Insulin increases the use of fatty acids and amino acids for the synthesis of fats and proteins.
F)Negative feedback mechanisms regulate the secretion of both hormones,and they are considered synergists.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?

A)Hypercalcemia stimulates secretion of calcitonin.
B)Hypoglycemia stimulates secretion of glucagon.
C)Parasympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of norepinephrine.
D)Severe hemorrhage is a stimulus for secretion of ADH.
E)Secretion of growth hormone is stimulated by GHRH from the posterior pituitary gland.
F)Secretion of FSH stimulates secretion of Lh.

Question 11

Which of the following statements are true of hormone effects on the uterus (Select all that apply)?

A)FSH from the anterior pituitary initiates growth of the endometrium.
B)Estrogen from the ovaries stimulates growth of the endometrium.
C)Progesterone from the developing ovarian follicle stimulates growth of the endometrium.
D)Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary stimulates contraction of the endometrium at the end of pregnancy.
E)LH from the anterior pituitary stimulates growth of the myometrium at puberty.
F)During pregnancy,premature contractions of the myometrium are inhibited by progesterone.

Question 12

Which of the following statements are true of the development of egg and sperm (Select all that apply)?

A)Both FSH and estrogen are necessary for the development of an ovum.
B)Both FSH and testosterone are necessary for the development of sperm.
C)Egg cells develop in the ovarian tubules.
D)Sperm develop in the testicular follicles.
E)LH contributes to sperm formation because it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.
F) LH contributes to egg formation because it stimulates the secretion of estrogen.

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of prostaglandins (Select all that apply)?

A)They are made from the proteins of cell membranes.
B)Like hormones,they are carried in the blood to distant target organs.
C)Some are important for the process of blood clotting.
D)Some are important in pain mechanisms.