Deck 22: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Question 1

Common disorders associated with hyperthyroidism include all of the following except:

A) toxic adenoma.
B) toxic multinodular goiter.
C) Grave's disease.
D) acute thyroiditis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The thyroid gland develops at the floor of which structure?

A) Primitive pharynx
B) Trachea precursor
C) Maxilla
D) Nasopharynx

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Increased vascularity with color Doppler, termed the thyroid inferno, is observed in ___________________.

A) Hashimoto's disease
B) Graves' disease
C) de Quervain thyroiditis
D) papillary carcinoma

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of the following structures form neighboring structures for the thyroid gland except the:

A) longus colli muscle.
B) parotid muscle.
C) strap muscles.
D) sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Question 5

Hyperfunction of all parathyroid glands with no apparent cause occurs with which one of the following?

A) Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands
B) Secondary hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
C) Primary hyperparathyroidism
D) Secondary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

Question 6

The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:

A) 5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth.
B) 4 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth.
C) 3 cm length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth.
D) 6 cm length, 3 cm width, 3 cm depth.

Question 7

The normal parathyroid glands are located on the ____________ and the ____________ surface of the thyroid gland.

A) posterior; lateral
B) anterior; lateral
C) anterior; medial
D) posterior; medial

Question 8

A ___________ is a palpable anterior midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.

A) carotid aneurysm
B) parathyroid adenoma
C) thyroglossal duct cyst
D) brachial cleft cyst

Question 9

The thyroid gland consists of ________ lobes.

A) three
B) four
C) two
D) six

Question 10

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that affects the:

A) liver, colon, and kidneys.
B) kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract.
C) gastrointestinal tract, breast, and scrotum.
D) kidneys, heart, and colon.

Question 11

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by:

A) ismal tissue.
B) the isthmus.
C) island tissue.
D) parathyroid tissue.

Question 12

The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is which one of the following?

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Iron deficiency
C) Iodine deficiency
D) Autoimmune process

Question 13

Which one of the following sonographic features of a thyroid adenoma is the most common?

A) Complex echo pattern
B) Hyperechoic mass
C) Hypoechoic peripheral halo
D) Irregular margins

Question 14

A solitary thyroid nodule in the presence of ipsilateral lymphadenopathy suggests which one of the following?

A) Adenoma
B) Grave's disease
C) Follicular carcinoma
D) Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Question 15

The pyramid lobe of the thyroid gland extends from the __________________.

A) superior right lobe
B) inferior left lobe
C) superior isthmus
D) inferior right lobe

Question 16

Usually _______ parathyroid glands exist.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 17

Which one of the following structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland?

A) Esophagus
B) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
C) Longus colli muscle
D) Omohyoid muscle

Question 18

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is which one of the following?

A) Thyroid adenoma
B) Parathyroid adenoma
C) Parathyroid cyst
D) Parathyroid hemorrhagic cyst

Question 19

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic function through the production of all of the following hormones except:

A) thyroxine.
B) triiodothyronine.
C) thyrocalcitonin.
D) thyroliberin.

Question 20

Which one of the following structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?

A) Larynx
B) Jugular vein
C) Strap muscles
D) Longus colli muscle

Question 21

The most common cause of thyroid malignancy is _____________ carcinoma.

A) papillary
B) medullary
C) anaplastic
D) follicular

Question 22

An abnormal lymph node demonstrates which one of the following?

A) Homogeneous texture
B) Central echogenic complex
C) Oval contour
D) Round contour

Question 23

A cystic formation located lateral to the thyroid gland in the neck is typically which one of the following?

A) Thyroglossal duct cyst
B) Branchial cleft cyst
C) Cystic hygroma
D) Sublingual cyst