Deck 10 (CO): The Endocrine System

Question 1

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones,the second messenger is _______________________,which activates specific ______________________ within the cell.

Answer 1

cyclic AMP,enzymes

Question 2

Increased secretion of ADH will __________________________ urinary output.

Answer 2

decrease

Question 3

The hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys is _____________________,which is secreted by the ______________________ gland.

Answer 3

ADH,posterior pituitary (hypothalamus)
ADH,posterior pituitary
ADH,hypothalamus

Question 4

A regulating mechanism that contains its own brake is called a(n)________________________ mechanism.

Question 5

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to cause ________________________ for __________________________.

Question 6

Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effects by activating certain ________________ within a cell.

Question 7

The secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary is regulated by _____________________________ produced by the ___________________________.

Question 8

The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary is _______________,which is produced by the _________________________ gland.

Question 9

The endocrine glands that are on top of the kidneys are the _________________________,and the gland in the curve of the duodenum is the ____________________________.

Question 10

The effect of oxytocin on the mammary glands is to stimulate the _________________________.

Question 11

The primary function of ADH is to increase _________________________________ by the ___________________________.

Question 12

The endocrine gland that is on the front of the trachea is the _________________________,and on the back of this gland are the _____________________.

Question 13

In a negative feedback mechanism,when the effect of a hormone increases,the secretion of the hormone ______________________.

Question 14

In men,LH stimulates secretion of __________________ by the _________________.

Question 15

The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes is _____________________,which is produced by the _________________________ gland.

Question 16

The hormones that a cell will respond to are determined by the ___________________ on the cell's membrane or in its cytoplasm.

Question 17

The endocrine glands that have two distinct parts are the __________________________ and the _______________________________.

Question 18

In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones,the first messenger is the ____________________,which must bond to a(n)________________________ on the cell membrane.

Question 19

The hormone that stimulates secretion of testosterone by the testes is _______________ from the ________________________ gland.

Question 20

The hormone that causes contractions of the uterus is ______________________,which is secreted by the ____________________________ gland.

Question 21

The hormone that stimulates milk production is ______________________ from the ______________________ gland.

Question 22

Blood glucose level is lowered by the pancreatic hormone _________________________.

Question 23

The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is __________________,produced by the _________________________.

Question 24

The target organs of PTH are __________________,_________________,and ___________________.

Question 25

Glucagon increases the use of __________________ and ______________________ for energy production.

Question 26

The endocrine parts of the pancreas are called __________________________________.

Question 27

Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ________________________.

Question 28

Blood glucose level is raised by the pancreatic hormone __________________________.

Question 29

The pancreatic hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose by the liver is __________________________.

Question 30

In women,the hormone that stimulates ovulation is ___________________ from the ________________________ gland.

Question 31

The hormone that raises the blood calcium level is _____________________,and the hormone that lowers the blood calcium level is ____________________________.

Question 32

Calcitonin is secreted by the _______________________ gland,and its target organs are _________________________.

Question 33

The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is _________________________.

Question 34

Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by __________________ from the _____________________ gland.

Question 35

The pancreatic hormone ___________________ is secreted between meals,and the pancreatic hormone _______________________ is secreted right after meals.

Question 36

Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by _________________ from the ______________________ gland.

Question 37

The target organs of calcitonin are _________________________.

Question 38

The specific cells that produce glucagon are _________________ cells,and they do so when the blood glucose level ________________________.

Question 39

The hormone that increases the blood calcium level is __________________________.

Question 40

The specific cells that produce insulin are __________________ cells,and they do so when the blood glucose level __________________________.

Question 41

The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of ___________________ ions and excretion of ____________________ ions.

Question 42

The adrenal medulla is the __________________ part of the adrenal gland,and secretes the hormones _______________________ and _________________________.

Question 43

When blood pressure decreases,secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the ________________________________ mechanism.

Question 44

The hormones directly necessary for the development of egg cells in the ovary are ____________________ and __________________.

Question 45

The hormone ______________________ has an anti-inflammatory effect because it stabilizes the _________________________ within cells.

Question 46

The effect of epinephrine on the liver is to increase the conversion of _____________________________.

Question 47

The major function of norepinephrine is to stimulate ______________________ throughout the body.

Question 48

The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ______________________,and its target organs are the ____________________________.

Question 49

The hormone that causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in the viscera is _______________________________.

Question 50

The hormone that increases heart rate and slows peristalsis is _______________________.

Question 51

The effects of epinephrine are very similar to those of the _______________________ nervous system.

Question 52

The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are ___________________ and __________________.

Question 53

The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is ______________________.

Question 54

The adrenal hormone that has a secondary effect on blood pH is ____________________,because it promotes the excretion of _____________________.

Question 55

The direct stimulus for the secretion of testosterone is ___________________________.

Question 56

The adrenal hormone that has the secondary effects of increasing blood volume and blood pressure is ___________________________.

Question 57

The hormone cortisol stimulates most body cells to use _____________________ and _________________________ for energy production.

Question 58

The direct stimulus for the secretion of estrogen is __________________________.

Question 59

The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is __________________________.

Question 60

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ____________________,which is the _______________ portion of this gland.

Question 61

The site of action of prostaglandins is usually ____________________________.

Question 62

The direct stimulus for secretion of insulin is ___________________________.

Question 63

In men,the two hormones secreted by the testes are ________________________ and _________________________.

Question 64

The mineral iodine is necessary for the synthesis of the hormone ____________________.

Question 65

The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is _________________________.

Question 66

Growth hormone stimulates the transport of _____________________ into cells,to be used for the synthesis of ________________________.

Question 67

Two hormones that increase the rate of protein synthesis in cells are _________________ and _________________________.

Question 68

Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ___________________ of blood.

Question 69

Prostaglandins are produced by most cells from parts of their ________________________.

Question 70

The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is ________________,which is produced by the _____________________ gland.

Question 71

Synthesis of thyroxine requires the mineral ________________________.

Question 72

The hormone that increases the rate of mitosis in growing tissues is ________________,which is produced by the _______________________ gland.

Question 73

In women,the two hormones secreted by the corpus luteum are _____________________ and _____________________________.

Question 74

An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of __________________.

Question 75

The direct stimulus for secretion of glucagon is _________________________.

Question 76

The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are _____________________ and _________________________.

Question 77

The hormones necessary for the growth of the endometrium are _______________________ and _______________________.

Question 78

The direct stimulus for secretion of growth hormone is ______________________ .

Question 79

The direct stimulus for secretion of thyroxine is _____________________.

Question 80

The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is _____________________________.