Deck 16: Retroperitoneum

Question 1

A urinoma may be defined as a:

A) walled-off collection of extravasated urine.
B) lymph-filled space without a distinct epithelial lining.
C) heterogeneous irregular mass.
D) cystic space anterior to the aorta.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following demonstrates an excessive secretion of epinephrine?

A) Adrenal cyst
B) Adrenal adenoma
C) Medulla tumor
D) Neuroblastoma

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most common adrenal tumor in infancy is the:

A) adenoma.
B) pheochromocytoma.
C) neuroblastoma.
D) liposarcoma.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Para-aortic lymphadenopathy generally displaces the kidney:

A) anteriorly.
B) posteriorly.
C) medially.
D) laterally.

Question 5

The length of the normal adult adrenal gland is usually smaller than:

A) 2 cm.
B) 2 mm.
C) 3 cm.
D) 3 mm.

Question 6

The "sandwich" sign represents:

A) the complex appearance of adrenal hemorrhage.
B) enlarged lymph nodes anterior and posterior to the mesenteric vessels.
C) enlarged lymph nodes in the renal hilar area.
D) the image of the left adrenal gland between the crus of the diaphragm and the left kidney.

Question 7

What adrenal tumor demonstrates intermittent hypertension and severe headaches?

A) Neuroblastoma
B) Adenoma
C) Myolipoma
D) Pheochromocytoma

Question 8

The retroperitoneal space is the area between the:

A) anterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles.
B) posterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles.
C) anterior portion of the parietal peritoneum and the anterior abdominal wall muscles.
D) posterior portion of the visceral peritoneum.

Question 9

Adrenal hemorrhages are more common in:

A) older adults.
B) young adults.
C) neonates.
D) toddlers.

Question 10

The most common primary retroperitoneal tumor is:

A) lymphoma.
B) fibrosarcoma.
C) germ cell tumor.
D) leiomyosarcoma.

Question 11

Which one of the following syndromes is a result of excessive secretion of cortisol?

A) Conn
B) Addison
C) Cushing
D) Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Question 12

Which one of the following is the most common primary adrenal tumor?

A) Cyst
B) Adenoma
C) Carcinoma
D) Pheochromocytoma

Question 13

Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates a decrease in adrenal function?

A) Adrenogenital
B) Addison
C) Conn
D) Cushing

Question 14

Which one of the following structures is not located in the anterior pararenal space?

A) Duodenal sweep
B) Adrenal gland
C) Ascending colon
D) Pancreas

Question 15

Which of the following muscles lie posterior to the kidneys?

A) Psoas and iliopsoas
B) Psoas and quadratus lumborum
C) Obturator internus and piriformis
D) Iliopsoas and levator ani

Question 16

The left adrenal gland lies lateral to the:

A) crus of the diaphragm.
B) tail of the pancreas.
C) stomach.
D) IVC.

Question 17

The right adrenal gland lies posterior to the:

A) crus of the diaphragm.
B) IVC.
C) right kidney.
D) liver.

Question 18

All of the following structures are located in the retroperitoneum except the:

A) kidney.
B) aorta.
C) psoas muscle.
D) spleen.

Question 19

The iliopsoas muscle, ureter, and branches of the inferior vena cava, aorta, and their lymphatics is in the:

A) perirenal space.
B) anterior pararenal space.
C) retrofascial space.
D) posterior pararenal space.

Question 20

The area between the bladder and rectum is called the _____________ space.

A) rectovesical
B) presacral
C) bilateral pararectal
D) iliac

Question 21

Adrenal insufficiency is typically caused by:

A) adrenal adenoma.
B) adrenal cyst.
C) lymphadenopathy.
D) metastatic lesions.

Question 22

Which one of the following statements about the adrenal medulla is true?

A) The medulla is the outer portion of the adrenal gland.
B) The medulla secretes a large range of steroids.
C) The medulla is not essential to life.
D) The medulla secretes estrogen.

Question 23

Which one of the following statements describes adrenal cysts?

A) Male patients are affected more than female patients.
B) Patients are typically asymptomatic.
C) Adrenal cysts are a common finding.
D) Adrenal cysts are usually bilateral.

Question 24

Metastases to the adrenal gland are most commonly caused by primary carcinoma of the __________, __________, and __________.

A) breast; liver; kidney
B) lung; breast; stomach
C) lung; breast; liver
D) kidney; colon; liver

Question 25

Excessive secretion of aldosterone occurs in ____________ syndrome.

A) Addison
B) Cushing
C) Waterhouse-Friderichsen
D) Conn