Question 1

Historically, the development of ultrasound began shortly after:&#10;A) radio communication in World War I.&#10;B) sonar in World War II.&#10;C) nuclear testing in World War II.&#10;D) the launching of Sputnik.

Accepted Answer

The development of ultrasound technology was significantly influenced by advancements in sonar technology during World War II.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?&#10;A) Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent of the physician.&#10;B) Sonographers must possess intellectual curiosity and perseverance.&#10;C) Sonographers must have a technical aptitude.&#10;D) Sonographers must be able to communicate on different levels.

Accepted Answer

Sonographers, while highly skilled and capable of performing ultrasound studies and gathering diagnostic data, typically work under the direction and supervision of a physician. They do not operate completely independent of physician oversight.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about the Doppler principle is false?&#10;A) Doppler refers to a change in frequency in which the motion of laminar or turbulent flow is detected within a vascular structure.&#10;B) The beam should be perpendicular to the flow.&#10;C) The Doppler shift is directly proportional to the velocity of the red blood cell.&#10;D) If the red blood cell moves away from the transducer, then the fall in frequency is directly proportional to the velocity and direction of the red blood cell movement

Accepted Answer

The Doppler principle relies on the detection of changes in frequency of sound waves reflected off moving objects, such as red blood cells within blood vessels. For optimal detection of the Doppler shift, the ultrasound beam should not be perpendicular but rather have an angle of incidence as close to parallel as possible with the flow direction. When the beam is perpendicular to the flow, the detected Doppler shift is minimal or nonexistent because the component of velocity in the direction of the beam is very small.

Question 4

The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by:&#10;A) Joseph Holmes.&#10;B) Ian Donald.&#10;C) John Howry.&#10;D) William Fry.

Accepted Answer

Ian Donald is widely recognized for pioneering the application of ultrasound in obstetrics during the 1950s, significantly advancing prenatal care and diagnostics.

Question 5

Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by:&#10;A) Joseph Holmes.&#10;B) Ian Donald.&#10;C) Hertz and Edler.&#10;D) George Ludwig.

Accepted Answer

Hertz and Edler are credited with the discovery of echocardiography, which is a method for visualizing the cardiac structures in the heart.

Question 6

The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:&#10;A) digitizer.&#10;B) transducer.&#10;C) scan converter.&#10;D) beam former.

Accepted Answer

A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Question 7

The angle of reflection is equal to the:&#10;A) acoustic impedance.&#10;B) angle of incidence.&#10;C) refraction.&#10;D) image resolution.

Accepted Answer

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, according to the law of reflection. This principle states that when a wave, such as light or sound, reflects off a surface, the angle at which it hits the surface (the angle of incidence) is the same as the angle at which it bounces off (the angle of reflection).

Question 8

The higher the transducer frequency, the:&#10;A) shorter the wavelength.&#10;B) faster the frame rate.&#10;C) deeper the penetration depth.&#10;D) slower the frame rate.

Accepted Answer

Higher transducer frequency results in shorter wavelengths, which allows for better resolution but shallower penetration depth.

Question 9

The Fresnel zone is also called the:&#10;A) far field.&#10;B) focal point.&#10;C) near zone.&#10;D) Nyquist limit.

Accepted Answer

The Fresnel zone, often associated with wave propagation, especially in the context of electromagnetic waves, is referred to as the near zone. It is the area right after the reactive near-field region and is crucial for line-of-sight calculations in wireless communication systems.

Question 10

Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:&#10;A) 10 to 15 kHz.&#10;B) 1 to 20 kHz.&#10;C) 100 to 1000 Hz.&#10;D) 1 to 20 MHz.

Accepted Answer

Diagnostic ultrasound typically operates in the frequency range of 1 to 20 MHz, which allows for the detailed imaging necessary for medical diagnostics. Lower frequencies, like those in the kHz or Hz range, do not provide the resolution needed for these purposes.

Question 11

The display mode that shows time along the horizontal axis and depth along the vertical axis is:&#10;A) A mode.&#10;B) B mode.&#10;C) M-mode.&#10;D) real-time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The display mode that shows time along...

Deck 1: Foundations of Clinical Sonography