Deck 12: Natural Health Products and Over-The-Counter Drugs

Question 1

According to a recent (2015) national survey, what percentage of Canadians regularly use natural health products (NHPs)?

A) 41%
B) 61%
C) 71%
D) 91%

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How much money do Canadians spend a year on OTC and other medical nondurable products?

A) Between 250 and 500 million dollars a year
B) Between 500 million and 1 billion dollars a year
C) Between 1 billion and 6 billion dollars a year
D) Approximately 6 billion dollars a year

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In which year did all natural products with associated claims of health benefits become subject to the regulations of the NHPD?

A) 1994
B) 2000
C) 2004
D) 2012

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Starting in 2007, what is the only U.S. FDA-approved OTC weight-control ingredient?

A) PPA
B) Caffeine
C) Orlistat
D) CCK

Question 5

Which of the following is a product associated with weight loss, and known in China as ma huang?

A) Ephedra
B) Ginkgo biloba
C) Dextromethorphan
D) Methamphetamine

Question 6

What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease, but has produced only inconsistent and unreliable improvements in published research?

A) Lobelia
B) Androstenedione
C) Ginkgo biloba
D) St. John's wort

Question 7

Which of the following endogenous hormones is known to affect sleep?

A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Serotinin
D) Melatonin

Question 8

Which of the following has been identified as an area in need of development for OTC drugs?

A) Listing the name of the original pharmaceutical company who first developed the ingredients (NMIs) on the labels
B) Listing the non-medicinal ingredients (NMIs) on the labels
C) Listing the names of the pharmaceutical company if it is a no-name brand.
D) Larger warning signs

Question 9

If you live in Canada and just purchased the most commonly used NHP what did you buy?

A) Echinacea
B) Glucosamine
C) Marine-sourced omega 3/essential fatty acids.
D) Vitamins

Question 10

SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) is a dietary supplement that has some research support for its possible use in treating which of the following?

A) Impotence
B) Depression
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Diabetes

Question 11

Which of the following has demonstrated evidence that suggests a compound in it can act as a blood thinner?

A) Ginkgo
B) Methionine
C) S-adenosyl-L-methionine
D) St. John's Wort

Question 12

With the creation of the Natural Health Products Directorate which stimulants moved from being classified as OTC drugs to NHPs?

A) St. John's wort
B) Ginkgo biloba
C) Serotonin
D) Caffeine

Question 13

How many years consecutively must a medicinal ingredient been used within a cultural belief system or healing paradigm (e.g., traditional Chinese medicine) in order constitute traditional use?

A) 30 consecutive years
B) 50 consecutive years
C) 75 consecutive years
D) 100 consecutive years

Question 14

Which statement best describes what is required before a prescription or an OTC drug can be sold in Canada?

A) Each different brand is required to contain unique ingredients.
B) Drugs must prove their effectiveness.
C) Each type of drug is limited to only a single active ingredient.
D) The manufacturer must seek a Notice of Compliance (NOC) from Health Canada.

Question 15

Many of the capsules, pills, and powders that look like drugs and consumers think are drugs are actually classified by the FDA as which of the following?

A) Food products
B) Industrial chemicals
C) Organic medicines
D) Placebos

Question 16

According to a 2015 national survey, what are the top three most commonly used NHPs in Canada?

A) Vitamins, Echinacea, and calcium.
B) Vitamins, calcium, and homeopathetic medicine.
C) Vitamins, Echinacea, and marine-sourced omega 3/essential fatty acids.
D) Vitamins, calcium, and glucosamine.

Question 17

Which of the following has been referred to as the "horny goat weed" and has been used to enhance male sexual energy in traditional Chinese herbal medicine?

A) Avena sativa extract
B) Epimedium sagittatum
C) Methionine
D) Tribulus terrestris

Question 18

Which of the following is a plant derivative that is included in several products sold on the internet as aphrodisiacs or treatments for erectile dysfunction?

A) Avena sativa extract
B) Epimedium sagittatum
C) Methionine
D) Tribulus terrestris

Question 19

An active form of amino acid, methionine, has been helpful in treating depression. What is the name of the naturally occurring substance in the body?

A) Samele
B) Methamphetamine
C) S-adenosyl-L-methionine
D) Ephedra

Question 20

Which of the following has the over-the-counter drug Tylenol been indirectly linked to?

A) Cerebral bleeding
B) Muscle tremors
C) Liver disease
D) Dry mouth

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a specified reason why there has been a push to deregulate many prescription drugs to OTC status?

A) A growth in modern notions of individual responsibility and self-care
B) A more efficient effective Canadian clinical trial regulatory board
C) Pharmaceutical companies seeking increased sales
D) Growing challenges in maintaining public and private prescription drug plans

Question 22

OTC drugs approved as sleep aids, like Nytol and Sominex contain which of the following?

A) PPA or dextromethorphan.
B) Bromide salts.
C) Antihistamine such as diphenhydramine.
D) A low dose of codeine.

Question 23

Which of the following describes the most commonly known way a cold virus is usually caught?

A) When you have become chilled
B) When someone sneezes near you
C) By being picked up on the hands and touching your eyes or nose
D) By transfer through saliva

Question 24

Which statement describes a Schedule 2 drug?

A) Schedule 2 drugs can be displayed in the pharmacy.
B) Schedule 2 drugs can be sold without a prescription.
C) Schedule 2 drugs can be sold only with a prescription.
D) Schedule 2 drugs can be sold without a prescription but must be kept behind the counter.

Question 25

In 1979 it was reported that which of the following sleep aids caused cancer in laboratory animals, so it was no longer generally recognized as safe?

A) Merbaral
B) Methapyrilene
C) Scopolamine
D) Diphenhydramine hydrochloride

Question 26

Besides antihistamines, nasal decongestants analgesics, what do many cold remedies also contain?

A) Analgesic-antipyretics
B) Neroli oil
C) DHEA
D) Dextromethorphan

Question 27

Aspirin should not be used with children who have a viral infection because of which increased risk?

A) Heart damage
B) Kidney damage
C) Spreading the infection
D) Reye's syndrome

Question 28

What is the therapeutic dose for Aspirin is generally considered to be? in the range of 600-1000 milligrams?

A) In the range of 100-300 milligrams
B) In the range of 300-600 milligrams
C) In the range of 600-1000 milligrams
D) In the range of 1000-1500 milligrams

Question 29

Acetylsalicylic acid was developed in 1898 by the Bayer laboratory and sold under which name?

A) Dextrine
B) Anazor
C) Merbaral
D) Aspirin

Question 30

Your doctor informed you that antihistamines can induce drowsiness, thus what is the best time to take them before you retire?

A) At least 10 minutes before
B) At least 15 minutes before
C) At least 20 minutes before
D) The drowsiness position is overstated and no specific time range has been suggested

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true of Aspirin's history?

A) Indigenous peoples used a tea brewed from willow bark to reduce fever
B) St. Augustine declared that the willow and poplar bark extracts cured all diseases and were a gift sent to Christians from God.
C) Aristotle and Galen made good use of its formulations.
D) More than 2400 years ago, the Greeks used willow and poplar bark extracts in the treatment of pain, gout, and other illnesses.

Question 32

What does the textbook suggests consumers should do to help choose among the wide variety of OTC products?

A) Know which are reputable manufacturers
B) Read the list of potential side effects
C) Know a fairly small number of ingredient names
D) Ask advice from their friends who have taken them

Question 33

You have a cold, which of the following describes the likelihood researchers can connect the infection to a specific virus?

A) In 40-60% of individuals researchers cannot connect the infection to a specific virus
B) In 60-70% of individuals researchers cannot connect the infection to a specific virus
C) In 70-80% of individuals researchers cannot connect the infection to a specific virus
D) In 80-85% of individuals researchers cannot connect the infection to a specific virus

Question 34

What is the generic name for Tylenol and Datril?

A) COX-1
B) Acetaminophen
C) Theophylline
D) Prostaglandin

Question 35

What is the most common antihistamine found in cold remedies?

A) Chlorpheniramine maleate
B) Dextromethorphan
C) Neroli oil
D) Phenylephrine

Question 36

Which statement describes a Schedule 1 drug?

A) Schedule 1 drugs can be displayed in the pharmacy.
B) Schedule 1 drugs can be sold without a prescription.
C) Schedule 1 drugs can be sold only with a prescription.
D) Schedule 1 drugs can be sold without a prescription but must be kept behind the counter.

Question 37

There has been some reported abuse by young people of products containing _________, which they take in high doses to produce visual and auditory hallucinations.

A) caffeine
B) acetaminophen
C) chlorpheniramine maleate
D) dextromethorphan

Question 38

What does NSAID stand for?

A) National System for Accurate Information on Drugs
B) Novel serotonin antagonist drug
C) Next schedule analyzing incomplete data
D) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 39

Besides analgesia (pain relief), what is another important effect of aspirin?

A) It is an antipyretic (reduces fever)
B) It is a coagulant (helps blood to clot)
C) It is an antihypertensive (lowers blood pressure)
D) It is an anaesthetic

Question 40

In 2007 Health Canada issued a public advisory warning the public not to give OTC cough and cold products to which of the following?

A) Children under two years of age
B) Children under five years of age
C) Seniors over the age of sixty with a history of breathing difficulties
D) Any person receiving chemotherapy treatment

Question 41

Today in Canada, the medicinal ingredients approved for OTC sleep aids include diphenhydramine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine citrate.

Question 42

The generic ingredient in Tylenol is acetylsalicylic acid.

Question 43

Aspirin was initially a brand name for Bayer's acetylsalicylic acid.

Question 44

Often, no scientific evidence exists for an NHP.

Question 45

Orlistat, found in the OTC weight control product Xenical, interferes with the absorption of fats from the intestine.

Question 46

The Government of Canada is working on an amendment to Canada's Food and Drug Regulations to require the identification of NMIs on the labels of OTC drugs for human use.

Question 47

Schedule II drugs can be sold without a prescription but must be kept behind the counter.

Question 48

Aspirin is now believed to have both a central and a peripheral analgesic effect.

Question 49

Pharmaceutical companies seeking to increase their sales have put pressure on Canada's National Drug Scheduling System to deregulate many prescription drugs to OTC status.

Question 50

The main proposed use for St. John's wort has been for treating depression.

Question 51

Studies have shown that about 35% of people will receive satisfactory pain relief from a placebo.

Question 52

Ginkgo biloba is known to be a blood thinner.

Question 53

To constitute traditional use, an NHP must have a history of at least 75 consecutive years of use as a medicinal ingredient within a cultural belief system or healing paradigm, for example traditional Chinese medicine.

Question 54

Controlled clinical studies have provided extensive evidence that ginseng (widely available in many products) is helpful in treating men with erectile dysfunction.

Question 55

Sometimes the only difference between an OTC product and a prescription product is the greater amount of active ingredient in each dose.

Question 56

In Canada, no NHPs or OTCs are currently licensed for sale as weight-control products.

Question 57

One popular appetite suppressant of the 1970s and 80s, Ayds, was sold as a butterscotch candy and contained PCP.

Question 58

OTC drugs are regulated by Health Canada.

Question 59

In 2017, the Ontario Student Drug Use Health Survey asked 11 435 students (grades 7-12) if during the past year they had used an OTC cough or cold medication containing DM to "get high." What percentage of students reported they had?

A) 5.2%
B) 9.2%
C) 12.2%
D) 18.2%

Question 60

Drug manufacturers must demonstrate three key factors before marketing a drug, that it is (1) safe when used as intended and (2) effective for its intended use, and (3) cost effective.

Question 61

What must occur before an over-the-counter (OTC) drug can be sold in Canada?

Question 62

What are Canada's and the US position on the weight loss drug called Orlistat, and specifically how are they different?

Question 63

Aspirin increases bleeding time by inhibiting blood platelet aggregation.

Question 64

Identify and describe the National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities (NAPRA) schedules.

Question 65

Explain why there has been a movement in recent years to push for a deregulation of many prescription drugs to OTC status.

Question 66

If you are taking dextromethorphan you are seeking headache remedies, arthritis formulas, and cold and sinus remedies.

Question 67

Describe the typical kinds of ingredients included in OTC cold remedies, and explain what each is for.

Question 68

What occurred in Canada in 2002 regarding the drug ephedra and why?

Question 69

How are OTC drugs regulated by Health Canada?

Question 70

How long have humans been using St. John's wort? What is it, how has it been used, and what is its effectiveness?

Question 71

What two cautionary steps should be taken when using a sleeping aid?

Question 72

What fueled the growth in the public awareness of, and demand for NHPs?

Question 73

What does the word anaesthetics mean?

Question 74

Most cold viruses enter the body through the nostrils and eyes.

Question 75

Dextromethorphan is an antihistamine used to dry up a runny nose.

Question 76

Because we now know so much about the mechanisms involved in the common cold we can be very specific and need only treat with an analgesic.

Question 77

What do the medicinal ingredients approved for OTC sleep aids include?

Question 78

Who maintains the Canada's National Drug Scheduling System, and how many schedules are there in Canada?

Question 79

When is the term NHP used, and provide examples?

Question 80

What is the general opinion regarding treating colds?