Deck 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medication for Mental Disorders

Question 1

According to Statistics Canada's 2012 report, approximately how many Canadians aged 15 and older reported symptoms of mental illness?

A) 0.5 million people
B) 1.5 million people
C) 3 million people
D) 5 million people

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the text, if you live in Canada, what is the likelihood you will have some type of mental health problem in your life?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 20%
D) 25%

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to the text, movies provide an important vehicle to learning about various types of mental illnesses, the people, and their struggles. Which of the following accurately describes a true story of one such person and their journey?

A) As Good as it Gets; story of an institution
B) A Beautiful Mind; story of schizophrenia
C) The Snake Pit; story of bipolar depression
D) One Flew over the Cuckoo's nest; personal story of schizophrenia

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If you are a Canadian suffering with an addiction, what is the likelihood you will also be diagnosed with a mental health problem?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 5

How would mental illness rank as a cause of human disability and premature death in Canada?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

Question 6

In Canada, what are the two most abused drugs for those suffering with a mental health problem?

A) Tobacco and opioids
B) Alcohol and cannabis
C) Tobacco and cannabis
D) Alcohol and opioids

Question 7

Both depressed and manic symptoms appear in the general classification of which disorder?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Mood disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Organic psychosis

Question 8

According to research studies, what percentage of those seeking help for an addiction also have a mental illness?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 9

How many criteria are associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Question 10

What term is used to describe a disorder of thinking when there is a known physical cause?

A) Bipolar
B) Organic psychosis
C) Functional psychosis
D) Schizophrenia

Question 11

The perspective that symptoms of a mental disorder identify a diagnosis that points to a cause and then a cure is referred to in the text as which of the following?

A) Medical model
B) Disease model
C) Treatment approach
D) Inclusion model

Question 12

Which province has the highest rate of hospital stays due to mental illness?

A) Alberta
B) British Columbia
C) Ontario
D) Nova Scotia

Question 13

Which diagnoses is given when there is major disturbance of intellectual and social functioning to the degree that there is a loss of contact with reality?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Phobia
C) Depression
D) Psychosis

Question 14

Dr. Smith listened carefully to the symptoms John and his family shared. He is confident he knows John's mental disorder. What is the name of the most recent version of the American Psychiatric Association's classification system Dr. Smith will consult?

A) Psychiatric Reference Manual (PRM).
B) AMA-V
C) DSM-5
D) DSM-V-TR

Question 15

John is a 20 year-old Canadian who has just been hospitalized for a mental illness. According to statistics, what will his diagnosis likely be?

A) Anxiety
B) Mood Disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Substance-Related Disorder

Question 16

What does research suggest regarding the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder?

A) The children of either mothers or fathers with anxiety disorders are at much greater risk of an anxiety disorder than is the general population
B) The children of only mothers with anxiety disorders are at much greater risk of an anxiety disorder than is the general population
C) The children of only fathers with anxiety disorders are at much greater risk of an anxiety disorder than is the general population
D) There has been no evidence to suggest there is a genetic factor

Question 17

Which structure within the human brain does research suggest serves as a communication hub that signals the presence of a threat and triggers a fear response or anxiety?

A) Amygdala
B) Brainstem
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Ventral tegmental area

Question 18

Which of the following describes bipolar disorder?

A) Reoccurring panic attacks
B) Agoraphobia
C) Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology
D) Alternating periods of mania and depression

Question 19

Which diagnosis presents with a symptom of overwhelming "checking"?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Mood disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Psychosis

Question 20

Which of the following is important to the development of panic disorders according to Hebb's model of the progression of panic disorder?

A) Anxiety and depression
B) Anxiety and compulsive behaviour
C) Depression and compulsive behaviour
D) Anxiety

Question 21

Leonard's new symptoms are the result of taking the older type of antipsychotics medication, but he is reassured that they are the most common complication of this drug treatment, which one is it?

A) Hallucinations
B) Agranulocytosis
C) Pseudoparkinsonism
D) Tardive dyskinesia

Question 22

What are the antipsychotic drugs marketed in the past ten years, such as Zyprexa (olanzepine), referred to as?

A) Conventional antipsychotics
B) Typical antipsychotics
C) Atypical antipsychotics
D) Postmodern antipsychotics

Question 23

If you have schizophrenia, and have been diagnosed with a comorbid symptom of depression, according to research completed by Shugar and colleagues at the University of Toronto, what might be the best treatment choice?

A) Electroconvulsive therapy
B) Thiopental sodium
C) Phenothiazines
D) Insulin

Question 24

Recommendations for the treatment of schizophrenia are based on existing scientific evidence as developed by Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team in the US. Which level of evidence would be present if evidence from at least 1 RCT was available?

A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level VI
D) Level VII

Question 25

What is a common side effect linked with the older antipsychotics, but less common with the newer ones?

A) Pseudoparkinsonism
B) Positive symptoms
C) A lag period
D) MAO inhibition

Question 26

Recommendations for the treatment of schizophrenia are based on existing scientific evidence as developed by Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team in the US. How many levels exist?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 9

Question 27

Martha has been rushed to the hospital by her family fearful of her symptoms. Upon arrival the emergency doctor learns she has been taking antipsychotics medication and she is exhibiting the most serious complication of this drug treatment, which one is it?

A) Hallucinations
B) Agranulocytosis
C) Pseudoparkinsonism
D) Tardive dyskinesia

Question 28

What do many of the new atypical antipsychotics cause?

A) Liver disorders
B) Manic episodes
C) Significant weight gain and metabolic changes
D) Fatigue

Question 29

Currently in clinical trials in Toronto, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is being investigated as an alternative to which treatment?

A) Antipsychotics
B) Electroconvulsive therapy
C) Insulin
D) Thiopental sodium

Question 30

You just learned your grandparent has been placed on a new drug due to a serious health concern. You have never heard of the drug before, what might be a beneficial step to take to investigate?

A) Consult the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health annual report
B) Consult the Beers List
C) Consult the DSM-5
D) Read the Orange Box warning

Question 31

What are two of the most positive aspects of antipsychotic medication?

A) They do not produce dependence and it is difficult to use them to commit suicide
B) They do not produce manic episodes and it is difficult to use them to commit suicide
C) They do not produce facial tics and they do not produce manic episodes
D) They do not produce facial tics and they do not produce dependence

Question 32

After experimenting on pigs in a slaughterhouse, who developed the technique of using electric shock to induce convulsions?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Manfred Sakel
C) Ladislas von Meduna
D) Ugo Cerletti,

Question 33

Recommendations for the treatment of schizophrenia are based on existing scientific evidence as developed by the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team in the US. Which level would be present if there was evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study available?

A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level VI
D) Level VII

Question 34

Which treatment was used in the early 1900s to treat patients who had psychosis, when it was believed to be caused by syphilis?

A) Malaria therapy
B) Thiopental sodium
C) Phenothiazines
D) Insulin

Question 35

What will be the initial effect of the antipsychotic drugs?

A) Block serotonin reuptake.
B) Stimulate acetylcholine receptors
C) Increase brain levels of norepinephrine
D) Block D2 dopamine receptors

Question 36

Which country was the first to issue a Black-Box Warnings regarding Treating Adolescents and Children with Antidepressants?

A) Australia
B) Canada
C) England
D) United States

Question 37

Although electroconvulsive therapy was first used to treat schizophrenia, what is it now used to treat primarily?

A) Organic psychosis
B) Reoccurring bouts of psychosis
C) Personality disorders
D) Severe depression

Question 38

What historically did the terms phenothiazines and neuroleptics describe?

A) Antipsychotics
B) Shock therapy
C) Antidepressants
D) Anticonvulsants

Question 39

In 1933 who induced comas in some schizophrenic patients by administering insulin?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Manfred Sakel
C) Ladislas von Meduna
D) Ugo Cerletti

Question 40

What did a study of the long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs find?

A) Atypical drugs are much more effective than the conventional drugs
B) These drugs are very effective for over 90 percent of schizophrenic patients
C) There is tolerance to the beneficial effects and doses must be increased after six weeks
D) Three-fourths of the patients stopped taking their medication within 18 months

Question 41

Due to the increased risk of which of the following, Health Canada now requires a printed warning on several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

A) Suicide tendencies in children and adolescents
B) Liver disorders in elderly patients
C) Psychotic episodes in the adult population
D) Seizures in all age groups

Question 42

What was Prozac's initial purpose?

A) Tricyclic antidepressant
B) MAO inhibitor
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
D) Anti-manic drug

Question 43

Mental illness is the third leading cause of human disability and premature death in Canada.

Question 44

What did the first tricyclic antidepressants do?

A) Blocked acetylcholine receptors
B) Blocked D2 dopamine receptors
C) Inhibited reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
D) Inhibited metabolism of GABA

Question 45

As a Canadian citizen, what is the likelihood you will experience major depression at some point in your life which will require hospitalization?

A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 15%

Question 46

What is the fastest and probably most effective treatment for severe cases of depression?

A) Imipramine (Tofranil)
B) Paroxetine (Paxil)
C) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
D) Psychotherapy

Question 47

What drug has Ken been prescribed for his depression that leads his doctor to inform him he should avoid the following: chianti wine and smoked or pickle fish?

A) Second generation anti-psychotics
B) Thioridazine
C) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
D) SSRIs

Question 48

The growing trend toward deinstitutionalization in Canada was considered desirable for which of the following explanations?

A) Economics from the perspective of the pharmaceutical companies and their increased sales
B) Economics and the ability to treat patients in their own communities
C) The use of federal prison institutions rather than hospitals to house long term patients due to an economy of scale
D) A desire to keep pace with the United States and Europe

Question 49

The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 divides all mental disorders into either neuroses or psychoses.

Question 50

Corrections Canada in its 2015‒2016 annual report identified that _______ percentage of women incarcerated had a mental illness?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 51

According to a 2012 study, females had higher rates of mood disorders and generalized anxiety disorder than males.

Question 52

What should Joseph avoid now that he has been prescribed monoamine oxidase inhibitors for his depression?

A) Exposure to strong sunlight
B) Foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses
C) Strenuous exercise
D) Foods high in citrus, such as grapefruit juice

Question 53

When chlorpromazine was introduced in 1955 in the U.S., in that year what was the last time which of the following occurred?

A) The rate of imprisonment declined
B) The major pharmaceutical companies reported net losses
C) The population of mental hospitals increased
D) Schizophrenia was a major cause of suicide

Question 54

Which Canadian city responded to the visibility of mental illness by opening of a new 100-bed facility for people with mental health and addiction problems?

A) Ottawa
B) Vancouver
C) Toronto
D) Winnipeg

Question 55

What is the average lag period for antidepressants to begin to be effective?

A) 1 day
B) 2 weeks
C) 4 weeks
D) 6 weeks

Question 56

Research shows that less than 35% of those seeking help for an addiction also have a mental illness.

Question 57

Approximately how many homeless people in Canada have a mental illness?

A) One-third
B) Half
C) Two-thirds
D) Three-quarters

Question 58

Which mood stabilizer, experienced a diminished acceptance when a series of overdose poisonings occurred, and by the fact that the drug was one of the basic elements and could not be patented?

A) Lithium
B) Valproic acid
C) Carbamazepine
D) Lamotrigine

Question 59

Current theories of the antidepressant action of drugs, focus less on the drug's initial biochemical effects and more on which of the following?

A) Patient's age and weight
B) Levels of brain serotonin
C) Electrical potential of the membrane
D) Delayed reaction of the neurons to repeated drug exposure

Question 60

According to a 2012 study, females had higher rates of substance use disorders than males.

Question 61

Although not completely clear, what plays a role in the delineation between genetics and environment and panic disorders?

Question 62

Describe psychotherapeutic drugs.

Question 63

All tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

Question 64

Describe the following terms; phenothiazines, neuroleptics, and antipsychotics.

Question 65

Educating doctors about mental illness is a first step toward reducing the stigma and encouraging greater acceptance and understanding of mental illness.

Question 66

Antipsychotic drugs have their initial effect in the brain by blocking D2 dopamine receptors.

Question 67

The latest evidence on the effectiveness of antidepressants is that they are only slightly better than placebos.

Question 68

The first antipsychotic drugs called phenothiazines were introduced in the 1950s.

Question 69

The MAO inhibitors are considered to be atypical antipsychotics.

Question 70

In panic disorder, different brain regions may support specific symptomatology.

Question 71

Describe the medical model.

Question 72

Between 2% and 8% of the Canadian population has used an antidepressant fighting drug.

Question 73

What was the outcome of a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) study that examined schizophrenia and those receiving phenothiazines?

Question 74

Lithium was the first effective mood stabilizer.

Question 75

How common is the use of ECT in Canada today?

Question 76

One indirect consequence of effective drug treatment for serious mental disorders is that more mentally ill people are now in jail or prison than in mental hospitals.

Question 77

Describe the important distinction in the DSM-5, and in the drug treatment of mood disorders.

Question 78

A chronic psychotic condition with no known physical cause is likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia.

Question 79

The mood disorders include specific phobia.

Question 80

While taking MAOIs, high blood pressure crisis can result.