Deck 4: Early Childhood

Question 1

Ron is pretending to be a monster and chase his little brother around the house.Which type of play is this?

A)learning play
B)sociodramatic play
C)symbolic play
D)instrumental play

Answer 1

symbolic play

Question 2

Sam (5-year-old)smells chicken at his grandmother's house and comments that she must be having a party.She indicates that she is not,but Sam thinks another party is going to occur because the last time he smelled chicken she had a party.This incident reflects what kind of reasoning?

A)transductive reasoning
B)egocentrism reasoning
C)preconceptual reasoning
D)intuitive reasoning

Answer 2

transductive reasoning

Question 3

The ______ approach posits that parents should be consistent in their responses to their children's behavior.

A)cognitive developmental approach
B)behavioral developmental approach
C)social learning approach
D)psychodynamic approach

Answer 3

social learning approach

Question 4

Play allows children to explore reality,______,and ______.

A)explore reality; gain control
B)get physical exercise; overcome fears
C)build friendships; grow attached to their fathers
D)have shared experiences; develop cognitively

Question 5

Sally,Corey,and Todd are playing house.Sally pretends to be the mother,Corey is the dad,and Todd is their dog.They pretend to play at the local park.Which type of play is this?

A)learning play
B)sociodramatic play
C)symbolic play
D)instrumental play

Question 6

Kohlberg's model speaks to which moral development approach?

A)cognitive developmental
B)behavioral developmental
C)social learning
D)psychodynamic

Question 7

Which of the following statements best describes friendship to young children?

A)Friends are people you talk to every day.
B)A friend is someone you play with.
C)Friends are like family.
D)A friend is someone you can trust.

Question 8

Terri and Ron are fighting over who gets to play with the new train station.Which type of aggression is this?

A)relational aggression
B)physical aggression
C)hostile aggression
D)instrumental aggression

Question 9

Jack (4-year-old)believes that it is his fault that his father left the family.This incident reflects what kind of reasoning?

A)transductive reasoning
B)egocentrism reasoning
C)preconceptual reasoning
D)intuitive reasoning

Question 10

According to the text,the most important aspect of the preoperational stage (ages 2-3)is ______.

A)development of symbolic representation
B)abstract thinking
C)logical sequencing
D)reasoning

Question 11

Which of the following findings supports early childhood education?

A)Early education provides opportunities for moral development.
B)Children are more engaged in playtime.
C)Parents stress levels are reduced.
D)Early childhood education saves societies significant amounts of money over time.

Question 12

In Kohlberg's model,the ______ stage suggests that moral reasoning is based on whether behavior is rewarded or punished.

A)postconventional
B)conventional
C)preconventional
D)conventional evolution

Question 13

Research studies have shown that the largest difference between boys and girls is ______.

A)aggression
B)self-esteem
C)moral development
D)friendship styles

Question 14

A child who is able to jump rope demonstrates ______ skills.

A)developmental motor
B)fine motor
C)physical motor
D)gross motor

Question 15

In early childhood,the two hemispheres of the brain begin to operate slightly differently,which allows for a wider range of activity.This is known as the ______.

A)lateralization process
B)developmental process
C)verticalization process
D)preconventional process

Question 16

David purposefully hits Sam with a stick during playtime.This is an example of ______ aggression.

A)relational
B)forceful
C)hostile
D)instrumental

Question 17

Early childhood,preschool age,and early school age are all names of a period of development that includes what age range?

A)3-9 years old
B)3-6 years old
C)2-5 years old
D)6-8 years old

Question 18

Scribbling,cutting with scissors,and printing one's name are all examples of ______ skills.

A)developmental motor
B)fine motor
C)physical motor
D)gross motor

Question 19

______ parents set firm limits but are warm and nurturing.

A)Permissive
B)Authoritative
C)Logical
D)Authoritarian

Question 20

Whenever Jack gets in trouble from his parents,they are cold and harsh and sometimes spank him.Which type of parenting style is this?

A)permissive
B)authoritative
C)logical
D)authoritarian

Question 21

Tantrums are usually a sign that a child has difficulty regulating their emotions.

Question 22

According to the text,the important themes of development during early childhood include ______.

A)self-regulation,numeracy,and literacy
B)self-esteem,agency,and literacy
C)self-direction,agency,self-management,and self-regulation
D)self-efficacy,self-direction,and intelligence

Question 23

It has been suggested that children experience negative effects from divorce because of the parents' responses to divorce rather than of the divorce itself.

Question 24

Hostile aggression in young children occurs while fighting over toys and space.

Question 25

Cognitive development includes language development because it is the mechanism by which cognitive interpretations are communicated to others.

Question 26

According to the text,which of the following statements is true about parents and grandparents who both participate in childcare?

A)Parents resent how big of an influence grandparents can have on their child's well-being.
B)Grandparents see parents as the ultimate authority over the child's diet.
C)Grandmothers are usually more involved.
D)They disagree about disciplinary styles.

Question 27

The ability to understand another person's emotional condition is ______.

A)empathy
B)imaginative play
C)perspective taking
D)intuition

Question 28

According to Erikson,the stage of emotional development during the early childhood years is called initiative versus guilt.

Question 29

Physical growth significantly speeds up in toddlers ranging from 3 to 6 years of age.

Question 30

The main remedy for developmentally delayed children is ______.

A)therapy
B)a nurturing parent style
C)specialized childcare facilities
D)social skill development

Question 31

A child's increasing understanding of the self in relation to the world eventually becomes organized into a self-theory.

Question 32

When Jack eats a dozen cookies and gets sick,his parents laugh and say,"I guess you will learn." Which type of parenting style is this?

A)permissive
B)authoritative
C)logical
D)authoritarian

Question 33

Parents and grandparents do not generally agree on which foods are healthy.

Question 34

Young children with insecure working models may gravitate more toward peer relations.