Deck 15: Organizational Change, Development, and Innovation

Question 1

The Stinky Cheese Company has begun to behave rigidly and exhibit extreme inertia.What has happened?

A)Unfreezing
B)Refreezing
C)Resistance
D)Perceived threat
E)Conflict

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Organizations in a(n)________ environment must generally exhibit more change to be effective than those operating in a more ________ environment.

A)dynamic; stable
B)dynamic; hostile
C)stable; dynamic
D)stable; open
E)open; hostile

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the main reason reported for the failure of organizational change programs?

A)The failure to use an experienced change agent
B)The failure to conduct a proper diagnosis
C)The failure to change the organization's culture
D)The failure to change the organization's structure
E)The failure to refreeze the change

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Perceived threat can be a motivator for change and prevent inertia.

Question 5

Which statement about environmental change, organizational change, and organizational effectiveness is TRUE?

A)Organizations that exhibit the most change are most effective, regardless of their environment.
B)Organizations that exhibit the least change are most effective, regardless of their environment.
C)Dynamic environments require a fairly high degree of organizational change if the organization is to be effective.
D)Stable environments require a fairly high degree of organizational change if the organization is to be effective.
E)All organizations should exhibit the same degree of change to be effective, regardless of environment.

Question 6

Inertia is most likely to occur when resources are absent and routines have been modified.

Question 7

Almost any organizational change effort must consider changes in ________ to be effective.

A)people
B)technology
C)structure
D)basic goals and strategies
E)process

Question 8

Perceived threat can lead to extreme inertia.

Question 9

When a university program was threatened by low enrollment, the faculty spent many hours revising the curriculum.Resources were invested but the revised curriculum looked like the old one.What happened?

A)Resistance
B)Poor diagnosis
C)Failure to institutionalize the change
D)Routines and processes were not modified
E)Refreezing did not occur

Question 10

Some degree of capability, opportunity, and ________ must be present for successful change.

A)motivation
B)support
C)autonomy
D)feedback
E)leadership

Question 11

In order for change to occur, people must have the

A)capability and the opportunity and the need to change.
B)knowledge and the opportunity and the motivation to change.
C)capability and the opportunity and the support to change.
D)capability and the opportunity and the motivation to change.
E)capability and the motivation and the support to change.

Question 12

What can cause organizations to unfreeze, scan the environment, and be motivated to change?

A)Perception of threat
B)Perception of inertia
C)Perception of resistance
D)Perception of threat and inertia
E)Perception of threat and resistance

Question 13

What effect does the perception of threat have on change?

A)Motivator for change
B)Extreme inertia
C)Motivator for change and extreme inertia
D)Resistance and extreme inertia
E)Motivator for change and resistance

Question 14

The perception of threat can be a motivator for change or result in extreme inertia.

Question 15

The main reason for the failure of organizational change programs is the failure to change an organization's culture.

Question 16

When is inertia most likely to occur?

A)When there is a lack of resources
B)When routines and processes are not modified
C)When routines and processes are modified
D)When there is a lack of resources and routines and processes are not modified
E)When there is a lack of resources and routines and processes are modified

Question 17

To achieve and maintain seamless change, hyper-turbulent environments need to have the qualities of a ________ organization.

A)divisional
B)multi-national
C)learning
D)hierarchical
E)mechanistic

Question 18

Unfreezing

A)is an organizational development technique pioneered by the U.S.Navy.
B)is the first step in the organizational change process.
C)is the most effective organizational development technique.
D)consistently prevents the diffusion of change efforts.
E)is required to ensure that new attitudes or behaviours become an enduring part of the organization.

Question 19

Sometimes when threat is perceived, organizations unfreeze.

Question 20

Recent research is showing that some organizations experience constant, unpredictable, non-linear change.These environments are called

A)difficult.
B)hyper-turbulent.
C)chaotic.
D)unmanageable.
E)all of the above.

Question 21

The main reason reported for the failure of organizational change programs is the failure to change an organization's ________.

Question 22

Sometimes when a threat is perceived, organizations use the threat as a ________ for change.

Question 23

One of the most important and difficult changes that an organization can make is to change its ________.

Question 24

Crises are especially likely to stimulate ________.

Question 25

In order for change to occur, people must have the capability and the opportunity and the ________ to change.

Question 26

In order for change to occur, people must have the capability and the ________ and the motivation to change.

Question 27

In order for change to occur, people must have the capability and the opportunity and the support to change.

Question 28

One of the most important and difficult changes that an organization can make is to change its technology.

Question 29

________ are especially likely to stimulate unfreezing.

Question 30

Organizations with hyper-turbulent environments face special challenges which require them to constantly acquire, assimilate, and ________ information.

Question 31

Top executives sometimes engage in dramatic symbolic acts to underline the need for ________.

Question 32

Top executives sometimes engage in dramatic symbolic acts to underline the need for change.

Question 33

Lewin's model of change does not apply to firms in hyper-turbulent environments.

Question 34

Sometimes organizations seem paralyzed by threat and exhibit extreme ________.

Question 35

Change almost always requires some investment of ________.

Question 36

Change almost always requires some modification of ________ and processes.

Question 37

What are the three stages of change according to Lewin's model of the change process? Briefly explain what happens at each stage.

Question 38

Crises are especially likely to stimulate resistance.

Question 39

Changing an organization's ________ is considered to be a fundamental aspect of organizational change.

Question 40

In order for change to occur, people must have the capability and the opportunity and the motivation to change.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about organizational learning is most accurate?

A)Failure is a more potent determinant of organizational learning than success.
B)Success is a more potent determinant of organizational learning than failure.
C)Neither failure nor success is a determinant of organizational learning.
D)Failure and success are equally potent determinants of organizational learning.
E)Failure is a potent deterrent of organizational learning.

Question 42

Discuss four specific factors that organizations can change.What factor is most important for change and why?

Question 43

Learning organizations are more likely to be more profitable than other organizations.

Question 44

Organizations learn the most from failure.

Question 45

Learning organizations are almost 90 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability than those organizations not rated as learning organizations.

Question 46

What is a hyper-turbulent environment? What industries do we usually associate with this type of organizational environment? How do organizations with this type of environment manage information in order to be ready for rapid change on an ongoing basis?

Question 47

Two primary methods of organizational learning are knowledge acquisition and knowledge ________.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A)Learning organizations are not more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
B)Learning organizations are almost 100 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
C)Learning organizations are almost 50 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
D)Learning organizations are almost 10 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.
E)Learning organizations are almost 90 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability.

Question 49

What are the key dimensions of a learning organization?

A)Vision/support; culture; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge acquisition
B)Vision/support; knowledge acquisition; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge distribution
C)Vision/support; knowledge acquisition; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge management/infrastructure
D)Knowledge acquisition; knowledge distribution; knowledge transfer; knowledge management
E)Vision/support; culture; learning systems/dynamics; knowledge management/infrastructure

Question 50

What are the primary methods of organizational learning?

A)Knowledge finding and knowledge sharing
B)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge innovation
C)Knowledge creation and knowledge sharing
D)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge development
E)Knowledge acquisition and knowledge management

Question 51

The key dimensions of a learning organization are vision/support, culture, learning systems/dynamics, and ________.

Question 52

Learning organizations are better able to retain employees than other organizations.

Question 53

Organizations learn through knowledge acquisition and knowledge exploitation.

Question 54

Discuss the effect of the perception of threat on change and the likelihood of inertia.

Question 55

Organizational change is more likely to occur in a learning organization.

Question 56

Organizations learn the most from success.

Question 57

Learning organizations are almost 100 percent more likely to have higher overall levels of profitability than those organizations not rated as learning organizations.

Question 58

Which of the following organizations failed to exhibit effective learning?

A)Bausch + Lomb
B)Samsung
C)Sears
D)Canadian Tire
E)Petro-Canada

Question 59

The Stinky Cheese Company has determined that in order to remain competitive they need to make some changes to the organization's culture and become more innovative and entrepreneurial.However, they are concerned that such a change might be difficult for employees who might not want to change.What three factors should the company focus on if they want to achieve a successful change? Give an example of each factor.

Question 60

Discuss the factors that organizations can change and mention two important points about the various areas in which organizations can introduce change.

Question 61

Olivia's organization is undergoing a major change.She welcomes the change and supports it over time.However, her co-worker Mika has resisted the change from the start and has continued to resist it throughout the process.How would you describe Olivia's and Mika's reactions to change?

A)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a convert.
B)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a defector.
C)Olivia is a convert and Mika is a doubter.
D)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a doubter.
E)Olivia is a convert and Mika is a defector.

Question 62

Olivia's organization is undergoing a major change.She was resistant at first but over time came to see the value in the change.However, her co-worker Mika was at first supportive of the change but became resistant over time.How would you describe Olivia's and Mika's reactions to change?

A)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a convert.
B)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a defector.
C)Olivia is a convert and Mika is a doubter.
D)Olivia is a champion and Mika is a doubter.
E)Olivia is a convert and Mika is a defector.

Question 63

Define a learning organization and describe the critical dimensions of a learning organization.

Question 64

Which of the following statements is most accurate about resistance to change?

A)People who are very committed to an organization often resist any change.
B)People who are not very committed to an organization often resist any change.
C)People who identify very strongly with an organization often resist any change.
D)People who do not identify very strongly with an organization often resist any change.
E)People who identify very strongly with an organization and are very committed to an organization often resist any change.

Question 65

________ organizations have established systems and structures to acquire, code, store, and distribute important information and knowledge.

Question 66

A change agent is

A)an expert in diagnosing and changing organizations by applying behavioural science knowledge.
B)any strategy or tactic that provokes change in an organization.
C)a person who resists organizational change.
D)the first person in a work group to "unfreeze" and convince his or her colleagues to do the same.
E)an outside consultant hired to diagnose and correct problems in organizational structures.

Question 67

A large identity gap is most conducive to increased acceptance of change.

Question 68

According to a survey by the American Psychological Association, organizational change is associated with a number of indicators of

A)positive job attitudes.
B)negative job attitudes.
C)positive well-being.
D)negative well-being.
E)negative job attitudes and negative well-being.

Question 69

Which of the following is most conducive to the acceptance of change?

A)A small identity gap
B)A large identity gap
C)A moderate identity gap
D)No identity gap
E)A moderate to large identity gap

Question 70

At what stage are defence mechanisms activated?

A)Unfreezing stage
B)Diagnosis stage
C)Change stage
D)Institutionalization stage
E)Evaluation stage

Question 71

Learning organizations are more likely to have higher overall levels of ________ than organizations that are not rated as learning organizations.

Question 72

What do people resist?

A)Unfreezing
B)Diagnosis
C)Change
D)Unfreezing and change
E)Diagnosis and change

Question 73

Diagnosis

A)should be the last step in the process of organizational change.
B)means the same thing as "evaluation" of organizational change.
C)indicates organizational problems and suggests reasonable changes.
D)is a method of team building.
E)is an internal process which does not involve external stakeholders such as customers.

Question 74

Which one of the following is NOT one of the types of people associated with reactions to change over time?

A)Champions
B)Converts
C)Doubters
D)Believers
E)Defectors

Question 75

Defence mechanisms might be activated during the change stage.

Question 76

Define organizational learning and describe the primary methods of organizational learning.

Question 77

Organizational change is much more likely to occur in a(n)________ organization.

Question 78

Those people within an organization who resist change tend to have a character including all of the following EXCEPT

A)cognitively rigid.
B)seeking routine.
C)have a short-term focus.
D)self-efficacious.
E)None of the above

Question 79

Change agents are the first organizational members to change after an OD intervention occurs.

Question 80

What helps to clarify problems, suggest what should be changed, and determine the appropriate strategy for implementing change without resistance?

A)Evaluation
B)Institutionalization
C)Identity gap
D)Diagnosis
E)Feedback