Deck 40: Assisting in Cardiology

Question 1

In the conduction system of the heart, which of the following is responsible for collecting the electrical energy that stimulated the atria to contract?

A) Purkinje fibers
B) Bundle of His
C) Atrioventricular node
D) Sinoatrial node

Answer 1

Atrioventricular node

Question 2

The signal from the AV node is picked up by which of the following?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) Aorta
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Bundle of His

Answer 2

Bundle of His

Question 3

Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle are called

A) venae cavae.
B) coronary arteries.
C) carotid arteries.
D) renal arteries.

Answer 3

coronary arteries.

Question 4

An example of a calcium channel blocker is

A) Cozaar.
B) Lotensin.
C) Cardizem.
D) Tenormin.

Question 5

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

A) Left atrium
B) Right atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle

Question 6

The _________ are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

A) pulmonary veins
B) pulmonary arteries
C) superior vena cava
D) inferior vena cava

Question 7

Which drug is used to treat congestive heart failure?

A) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
B) Fluoxetine (Prozac)
C) Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
D) Triazolam (Halcion)
E) Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 8

Which of the following is an anticoagulant?

A) Digoxin (Lanoxin)
B) Fluoxetine (Prozac)
C) Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
D) Triazolam (Halcion)
E) Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 9

What is another name for a heart attack?

A) CVA
B) MI
C) MS
D) CHF

Question 10

A patient with chronic kidney disease has hypertension. What BP reading should this patient have to be within a healthy range?

A) Below 118/78 mm Hg
B) 122/86 mm Hg
C) Below 130/80 mm Hg
D) 142/86 mm Hg

Question 11

Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that initiates the heartbeat is known as the

A) tricuspid.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) bundle of His.
D) sinoatrial node.

Question 12

A bruit noted during auscultation in the area of a blood vessel often is a sign of

A) an aneurysm.
B) an embolus.
C) phlebitis.
D) a thrombus.

Question 13

Women have different symptoms of heart disease because

A) they ignore initial indicators of heart disease.
B) women tend to develop an evenly spread layer of plaque.
C) they experience localized plaque buildup.
D) atheroma builds up in smaller vessels.
E) B and D

Question 14

The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart is called the

A) vena cava.
B) pulmonary artery.
C) carotid artery.
D) renal artery.

Question 15

What is the principal sign of coronary artery disease?

A) Damaged heart valves
B) Inflammation of the blood vessels
C) Reduction of the blood supply to the myocardium
D) An irregular heartbeat

Question 16

Thrombi form in the coronary arteries because of

A) a complication of cardiovascular medication.
B) an inherited factor.
C) inflammation at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque.
D) a DVT.

Question 17

The part of the conduction system of the heart that wraps around the outer walls of the ventricles is/are the

A) bundle branches.
B) Purkinje fibers.
C) bundle of His.
D) aorta.

Question 18

The ______________ is the saclike membrane surrounding the heart.

A) endocardium
B) bundle of His
C) pericardium
D) sinoatrial node

Question 19

The blood vessel branching from the heart that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is called the

A) vena cava.
B) pulmonary artery.
C) carotid artery.
D) renal artery.

Question 20

Patients diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension are first prescribed a(n)

A) ACE inhibitor.
B) beta blocker.
C) low-dose aspirin each day.
D) diuretic.

Question 21

Following an MI, when do CK levels reach peak values?

A) At the time chest pain begins
B) Within 3 to 12 hours of the onset of chest pain
C) Within 24 hours
D) 48 to 72 hours after the onset of chest pain

Question 22

In patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the goal blood pressure reading is

A) no more than 140/90 mm Hg.
B) no more than 130/80 mm Hg.
C) no more than 120/75 mm Hg.
D) no more than 110/65 mm Hg.

Question 23

A DVT typically is diagnosed by

A) x-ray films that pick up calcification.
B) Doppler studies that measure the rate of blood flow through a vessel.
C) PT blood tests.
D) troponin levels.

Question 24

What best describes the condition when the blood pressure adjusts sluggishly or not at all to rapid changes in position?

A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Orthostatic hypotension
D) Orthostatic hypertension

Question 25

Which statement is true about a Doppler study?

A) It requires IV injection of a dye.
B) It picks up the speed of RBCs as they travel through the vessel.
C) It must be performed in a hospital.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 26

What is the goal of angioplasty?

A) To restore blood flow to ischemic myocardial tissue
B) To reduce the need for cardiac medication
C) To eliminate or reduce the number of angina episodes
D) All of the above

Question 27

What structure forms the first layer of the heart?

A) Parietal pericardium
B) Epicardium
C) Myocardium
D) Endocardium

Question 28

What type of study may be ordered for patients with intermittent claudication, lack of a pedal pulse, or leg ulcers that refuse to heal?

A) Doppler study
B) Electrocardiogram
C) Holter monitor
D) Angiography
E) All of the above

Question 29

What procedure is described as a chemical injected into the vein to cause irritation and scarring inside the vein, closing it off?

A) Sclerotherapy
B) Endovenous ablation therapy
C) Vein stripping and ligation
D) Endoscopic vein surgery

Question 30

What is the most common site for deep vein thrombosis?

A) Iliac vein
B) Femoral vein
C) Calf veins
D) Saphenous veins

Question 31

Which of the following is part of the normal cardiac cycle?

A) Atrial contraction
B) Ventricular contraction
C) Recovery
D) Heart rest
E) All of the above

Question 32

+Lifestyle changes recommended for patients who have had an MI include

A) controlling hypertension.
B) eating a low-fat, restricted-sodium diet.
C) exercising five days a week.
D) All of the above

Question 33

Which statement is true about CK levels in a patient with an MI?

A) The more severe the cardiac damage, the longer it takes for CK levels to peak.
B) Levels begin to increase almost immediately after myocardial damage.
C) CK levels return to normal within 18 hours.
D) CK levels are not predictive of the extent of cardiac damage.

Question 34

Which of the following diseases develops because of widespread atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the arteries outside the heart, especially in the legs?

A) Arteriosclerosis
B) Atherosclerosis
C) Aneurysm
D) Peripheral arterial disease

Question 35

Which of the following has become standard treatment for any patient with a serious arrhythmia who is at risk of sudden death from cardiac arrest?

A) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
B) Cardiac pacemaker
C) Cardiac catheterization
D) Angioplasty

Question 36

You are providing patient education on a transesophageal echocardiogram. What should you include?

A) The patient will be asleep during the procedure.
B) The procedure does not provide as clear a picture as a regular echocardiogram.
C) The patient will be hospitalized for the procedure.
D) The patient must swallow the sonogram device.

Question 37

For individuals not at risk, which of the following LDL levels is recommended?

A) Less than 180 mg/dL
B) 100 to 129 mg/dL
C) Below 70 mg/dL
D) 190 mg/dL or higher

Question 38

What is the only artery in the body that contains deoxygenated blood?

A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Right coronary artery
D) Left coronary artery

Question 39

What should the medical assistant do if she notes that a patient has an elevated BP?

A) Record the first reading for the physician to review.
B) Check the cuff size to make sure it matches the patient's arm.
C) Check the BP reading in both arms.
D) Wait 20 minutes and then recheck the reading.
E) Both B and C should be done.

Question 40

A pulmonary embolism is the most serious complication of this condition and may be the first indication that the condition was present.

A) Varicose veins
B) Arteriosclerosis
C) Atherosclerosis
D) Deep vein thrombosis

Question 41

Patients with __________ must pay particular attention to a sudden weight gain.

Question 42

CABG procedures involve the insertion of a flexible catheter into a blocked coronary artery and placement of a stent to maintain the patency of the artery.

Question 43

An inherited predisposition for developing aneurysms occurs in patients with __________.

Question 44

Patients with an artificial heart valve may be prescribed lifelong antibiotic prophylaxis for invasive medical procedures.

Question 45

__________ is the part of the electrical conduction process during which the myocardium recovers from the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

Question 46

A patient calls the physician's office reporting signs and symptoms of a possible MI. Identify three signs and symptoms that require activation of EMS.

Question 47

Myocardial infarction symptoms in women include acute chest pain.

Question 48

Patients with __________ experience hardening of blood vessels, which results in ischemia and fibrotic changes in multiple tissues and organs.

Question 49

A patient who develops right-sided CHF because of COPD is diagnosed with __________.

Question 50

Contraction of the atria and ventricles is called __________.

Question 51

Patients with primary __________ may be asymptomatic until serious health problems occur.

Question 52

A symptom of chronic peripheral vascular disease is __________.

Question 53

A decreased supply of oxygenated blood to an area is called _________.

Question 54

You may be in a position one day to recognize the signs and symptoms of shock in a patient. Summarize the indicators of this life-threatening condition and the emergency procedures you should perform.

Question 55

A(n) __________ may be a life-threatening problem because of the potential for embolus creation.

Question 56

Rheumatic heart disease develops because of an antigen-antibody reaction several weeks after an untreated staphylococcal infection.

Question 57

You are responsible for reinforcing patient education on risk factors for the development of heart disease. Summarize at least five factors that can contribute to heart disease. Which of these can be attributed to lifestyle choices?

Question 58

________________ causes pulmonary edema, dyspnea, orthopnea, and tachycardia.

Question 59

Chronic hypertension may result in left ventricular __________.

Question 60

Describe the typical symptoms of an MI in men and an MI in women. Include in your answer the typical signs and symptoms of an MI in both genders.

Question 61

Mevacor is an anticholesterol medication used to help prevent an MI.

Question 62

The circumflex branch is part of the right coronary artery.

Question 63

Obesity and hypertension increase the risk of DVT.

Question 64

A Doppler study uses a sonographic beam that picks up the speed of WBCs in the arteries tested.

Question 65

One of the diagnostic factors for metabolic syndrome is excessive abdominal body fat.

Question 66

The AV node sends the electrical charge that originated in the right atrium down through the bundle of His, which is located in the interventricular septum.

Question 67

Nitroglycerin SL tablets should be used immediately if a patient experiences angina.

Question 68

Orthostatic hypotension is assessed by taking the patient's BP while the person is standing and then immediately after the patient sits.

Question 69

Patients with DVT are treated immediately with anticoagulant therapy, which continues for 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms.

Question 70

An important part of patient education for CHF is to encourage the patient to report any sudden weight gain.

Question 71

Patients taking diuretics may be prescribed a KCl supplement.

Question 72

Decreased estrogen production is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease.

Question 73

Male smokers are more likely to develop heart disease than female smokers.

Question 74

The most distal part of the electrical system of the heart is the Purkinje fibers.

Question 75

Echocardiography is used in the diagnosis of incompetent cardiac valves.

Question 76

A bruit may be palpated over the site of an abdominal aneurysm.

Question 77

Endocarditis can result in permanent damage to the mitral valve.

Question 78

Troponin levels remain elevated for an extended period, which makes them more useful for diagnosing an MI that occurred up to 2 weeks earlier.

Question 79

The cardinal symptom of myocardial ischemia is angina pectoris.

Question 80

ACE inhibitors help protect patients against DVT.