Deck 32: Assisting in Gastroenterology

Question 1

Colon cancer can be visualized during a(n)

A) EGD.
B) colonoscopy.
C) barium enema.
D) CT scan.

Answer 1

colonoscopy.

Question 2

The muscular action that moves food along the gastrointestinal tract is called

A) ingestion.
B) digestion.
C) peristalsis.
D) mastication.

Answer 2

peristalsis.

Question 3

You are responsible for conducting patient education in preparation for a three-time stool collection for occult blood. What foods should the patient avoid?

A) Red meat
B) Dairy products
C) Canned vegetables
D) Caffeine

Answer 3

Red meat

Question 4

Diverticulitis, pancreatitis, and pyloric stenosis are disorders of which body system?

A) Respiratory system
B) Reproductive system
C) Urinary system
D) Digestive system

Question 5

Constipation can be treated with

A) a low-fiber diet.
B) a bland diet.
C) a BRAT diet.
D) water.

Question 6

Sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for which of the following disorders?

A) Inguinal hernia
B) Gangrenous areas of the intestine
C) Hemorrhoids
D) Cancer of the liver

Question 7

The absorption of nutrients is the primary role of the

A) stomach.
B) villi.
C) large intestine.
D) duodenum.

Question 8

Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery may have which of the following complications if they return to a diet high in simple sugars?

A) GERD
B) Diverticulitis
C) Dumping syndrome
D) Crohn's disease

Question 9

If the result of occult blood screening is positive, the patient

A) has a serious condition that demands immediate medical attention.
B) has tested positive for cancer of the lower intestinal tract.
C) should have further tests to determine the cause.
D) has a large amount of blood leaving the body during elimination.

Question 10

Helicobacter pylori infection has been discovered to be a possible cause of

A) cold sores.
B) food poisoning.
C) colitis.
D) stomach ulcers.

Question 11

The most common procedure or treatment for food poisoning is to

A) induce vomiting.
B) prevent dehydration.
C) give an antidote.
D) assess for damage of the intestinal lining.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a part of the colon?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Splenic flexure
D) Sigmoid

Question 13

The first part of the small intestine, where food enters from the stomach, is the

A) cecum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) ileum.

Question 14

To which specialist would a patient most likely be referred if a routine physical examination revealed an abnormality in the lower portion of the descending colon?

A) Internist
B) Gastroenterologist
C) Oncologist
D) Pathologist

Question 15

A patient reporting abdominal pain points to the area of the stomach; what would you note in the chart to indicate this location?

A) LLQ
B) LUQ
C) RLQ
D) RUQ

Question 16

Peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori bacteria are treated with which of the following medications?

A) Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors
B) NSAIDs
C) Prednisone
D) Antiemetics and antibiotics

Question 17

Blood vessels that surround the villi of the small intestine carry absorbed materials through the portal circulation to which organ?

A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Brain
D) Liver

Question 18

Pouches or tunnels in the large intestine that can trap seeds are called

A) Crohn's disease.
B) duodenal ulcers.
C) diverticuli.
D) diverticulitis.

Question 19

Which anatomic structure is at the distal end of the gastric mucosa?

A) Esophagus
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Jejunum
D) Pyloric sphincter

Question 20

The condition of having gallstones is called

A) cholelithiasis.
B) cholecystitis.
C) cholecystogram.
D) cholecystectomy.

Question 21

Seven days before an occult blood stool test, the patient should do which of the following?

A) Stop taking aspirin and NSAIDs
B) Not take any more than 250 mg of vitamin C a day
C) Not eat red meat
D) Not eat raw fruits and vegetables
E) All of the above

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of which of the following diseases include loose, semi-formed stool; melena if the ulcers break through blood vessels; pain or tenderness in the right lower quadrant; anorexia; weight loss; anemia; and fatigue?

A) Ulcerative colitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Appendicitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 23

The incubation period for Escherichia coli foodborne illness is typically

A) 4-6 hours.
B) 24-72 hours.
C) 8-48 hours.
D) 2-4 days.
E) 12-36 hours.

Question 24

__________ occurs with an increased amount of pressure in the circulatory system.

Question 25

Ulcerative colitis differs from Crohn's disease in what way?

A) It cannot be cured by surgery.
B) The disease typically recurs at the site of a previous ulcer.
C) Scar tissue at the site may cause a bowel obstruction.
D) Ulcers form on the surface of the colon, starting in the rectum and spreading proximally.

Question 26

The gallbladder is located in the __________ of the abdomen.

Question 27

Which of the following is(are) categorized as proton pump inhibitors?

A) Nexium
B) Tagamet
C) Prevacid
D) A and C

Question 28

All age groups can be diagnosed with GERD; however, it is seen most frequently in adults and is associated with which of the following?

A) Smoking
B) Pregnancy
C) Overweight
D) Alcohol use
E) All of the above

Question 29

In digestion, which of the following is secreted in the stomach and begins the digestion of protein?

A) Amylase
B) Pepsinogen
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Bile

Question 30

All of the following are symptoms of Crohn's disease except

A) diaphoresis.
B) melena.
C) diarrhea.
D) anorexia.

Question 31

Characteristics of which of the following include weight loss, jaundice, and is usually advanced when diagnosed?

A) Liver cancer
B) Pancreatic cancer
C) Colorectal cancer
D) Gastric cancer

Question 32

The most common site for pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome is

A) left lower quadrant.
B) right lower quadrant.
C) left upper quadrant.
D) right upper quadrant.

Question 33

Day care workers and clients, institutionalized residents, and individuals traveling to infected areas are considered high risk for which of the following?

A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) All of the above

Question 34

Patients with which of the following must be monitored for possible chronic hepatitis and the development of a carrier state?

A) Hepatitis B
B) Hepatitis C
C) Hepatitis D
D) All of the above

Question 35

Patients with diverticulosis are encouraged to avoid which of the following?

A) A diet high in roughage
B) Gluten products
C) Foods with kernels or seeds
D) A diet high in sugar or salt

Question 36

Which of the following best describes a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal opening?

A) Hiatal hernia
B) Sliding hiatal hernia
C) Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
D) None of the above

Question 37

Which of the following types of infectious hepatitis is(are) transferred via blood and body fluids?

A) HAV
B) HBV
C) HEV
D) A and C

Question 38

The appendix is located in the __________ region of the abdomen.

Question 39

Which of the following diseases is often asymptomatic and discovered during a routine x-ray?

A) Gallstones
B) Cirrhosis
C) Hernia
D) Diverticular disease

Question 40

Malabsorption problems are expected in patients after weight loss surgery because of which of the following?

A) Patients stop eating nutritious food.
B) The duodenum is bypassed, so nutrients are not completely broken down.
C) Vitamin supplements cannot be absorbed.
D) GERD develops.

Question 41

__________ is the medical term for a muscular ring at the distal end of the stomach that separates the stomach from the duodenum of the small intestine.

Question 42

The medical term for enlargement of the liver is __________.

Question 43

Endemic disease is widespread in a particular geographic area.

Question 44

__________ is a malabsorption syndrome caused by an inherited defect in the patient's ability to metabolize gluten.

Question 45

Hepatitis carriers can be asymptomatic but infectious.

Question 46

Congenital __________, which typically is seen in first-born male infants, causes a problem with narrowing at the distal end of the stomach.

Question 47

Any disorder or enlargement of the lymph nodes is called __________.

Question 48

The four abdominal quadrants and nine regions are used routinely to describe and document GI complaints, signs, and symptoms. List the four abdominal quadrants and name at least one organ located in each. Also name the nine regions.

Question 49

The acronym GERD stands for __________.

Question 50

A disease or condition that is specific to a particular geographic location is said to be __________ to that region.

Question 51

Mr. Simon Garfield recently was diagnosed with cancer of the GI tract. Cancer can develop in any of the gastrointestinal organs. Identify four of the primary causes or contributing factors in the development of GI system cancers.

Question 52

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted through contaminated blood and body fluids.

Question 53

Chronic viral hepatitis can occur with hepatitis B, C, and D.

Question 54

A hard, impacted mass of feces in the colon is called a(n) __________.

Question 55

Advanced cirrhosis of the liver can lead to portal hypertension.

Question 56

Regional ileitis is also known as __________.

Question 57

The surgical joining together of two normally distinct organs, such as connecting the stomach to the ileum, is called a(n) __________.

Question 58

__________ is the wavelike, muscular movement of substances through the GI tract.

Question 59

Hepatitis can be caused only by infection.

Question 60

__________ are varicose veins of the anus and rectum.

Question 61

Hemorrhoids are the enlargement of veins either internally or externally in the rectal area.

Question 62

Ulcerative colitis frequently is described as regional ileitis, because the ulcers typically are restricted to the ileum.

Question 63

Ulcerative colitis causes localized ulcer formation in the colon.

Question 64

Dietary restrictions for the collection of an occult stool sample should be followed for 72 hours before the specimen is collected.

Question 65

Acute appendicitis frequently is caused by an impacted fecalith.

Question 66

Patients who have had bariatric surgery need routine injections of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 67

The hepatitis B vaccine is given in four doses 6 months apart.

Question 68

IBS is most frequently diagnosed in young women.

Question 69

A possible complication of Crohn's disease is the development of fistulas between the original location of the ulcer and a nearby organ.

Question 70

Ascites is associated with patients who have chronic kidney disease.

Question 71

One of the signs of a suspected peptic ulcer is a drop in hemoglobin.

Question 72

OSHA requires employers to make the hepatitis B vaccine available to employees at a reduced price.

Question 73

Crohn's disease can be cured surgically.

Question 74

Polyps are caused by herniations of the lining of the colon and are associated with chronic constipation.

Question 75

A patient who has anorexia has lost the appetite for food.

Question 76

Diverticuli of the colon are considered precancerous.

Question 77

A patient whose stool tests positive for occult blood will also complain of hematemesis.

Question 78

A very serious type of infectious hepatitis for pregnant women is hepatitis G.

Question 79

Imodium is an antiemetic that may be prescribed for a patient with food poisoning.

Question 80

Individuals who work in day care settings are at greater risk of becoming infected with hepatitis A because of its route of transmission.