Deck 4: Theoretical Perspectives

Question 1

Tardive dyskinesia may result from prolonged use of:

A)major tranquilizers.
B)minor tranquilizers.
C)sedatives.
D)Antabuse.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Practitioners of this model attempt to find a balance between a person's mind, body, and spirit.

A)medical model
B)the behavioristic model
C)the indigenous model
D)the holistic model

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Hansell, persons go into a state of stress or crisis if they fail to meet basic needs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Traditionally, human disorders have been divided into two main types:

A)mental and psychological.
B)natural and environmental.
C)spiritual and physical.
D)physical and mental.

Question 5

A number of authors have criticized the injustices that arise from the medical/psychiatric approach to mental illness.

Question 6

A theory might be defined as a concept which helps explain the relationships between events.

Question 7

If a theory is generally accepted by authorities, we can be pretty sure that it is true.

Question 8

The primary aim of human services counseling is to expose the bad experiences which the client suffered in the past.

Question 9

Politically, the human services model was most closely associated with:

A)right wing, conservative policy makers.
B)the Born-Again Christian movement.
C)social activists helping oppressed minority groups.
D)the trade union movement.

Question 10

The prognosis is the identification of the disorder according to the symptoms.

Question 11

There are biological, psychological, and social theories about alcoholism but only one kind of theory could be correct.

Question 12

The human services model tends to place more emphasis on practical problem solving than on complex theories.

Question 13

Which of the following would not be an organic cause of a disorder?

A)inherited or genetic defect
B)a viral infection
C)a drug overdose
D)faulty parental upbringing

Question 14

Disorders caused by physical abnormalities of the brain, nervous system, and other internal systems are called:

A)functional disorders.
B)spiritual disorders.
C)organic disorders.
D)neurotic disorders.

Question 15

According to Hansell, feelings of detachment and alienation may be traced to a failure to:

A)meet needs for information.
B)form a definite self-identity.
C)be linked to a cash economy.
D)develop a comprehensive system of meaning in life.

Question 16

Research has shown that the immune system is strengthened under conditions of acute stress.

Question 17

Theories help us to:

A)organize and classify incoming stimuli.
B)predict some future events.
C)control certain aspects of the environment.
D)all of the above

Question 18

A type of medication sometimes used for its calming or "paradoxical" effect on hyperactive children is:

A)Valium.
B)barbiturates.
C)Antabuse.
D)amphetamines.

Question 19

A major goal of human services intervention is to:

A)validate intricate theories.
B)resolve deep emotional conflicts.
C)help provide resources to meet the clients' needs.
D)help the client achieve self-actualization.

Question 20

Which of the following medications is used in the aversive treatment of alcoholism?

A)Seconal
B)Tofranil
C)Antabuse
D)Haldol

Question 21

One criticism of the humanistic approach is that it does not apply to clients who are not fully capable of making rational choices.

Question 22

The humanistic counselor does not:

A)direct the client.
B)analyze the client.
C)play the role of expert.
D)all of the above

Question 23

Which model places most emphasis on scientific verification of observations?

A)behavioristic
B)humanistic
C)psychoanalytic
D)existential

Question 24

Using classical conditioning terms, the sound of a bell before training is called:

A)unconditioned reinforcer.
B)unconditioned stimulus.
C)neutral stimulus.
D)conditioned response.

Question 25

Which school of therapy tends to stress the client's capacity for choice?

A)humanistic
B)psychoanalytic
C)behavioristic
D)none of the above

Question 26

Positive reinforcement is the main technique employed in:

A)the token economy.
B)aversive therapy.
C)cognitive behavior therapy.
D)modeling.

Question 27

Freud believed that neurotic symptoms were due to:

A)abnormal brain chemistry.
B)sexual drives.
C)society's moral values.
D)the conflict between (b) and (c)

Question 28

Humanists deny the psychoanalytic belief that human behavior is dominated by
animalistic drives.

Question 29

An eclectic therapist is one firmly committed to one particular model of therapy.

Question 30

Systematic desensitization is primarily used to treat:

A)obesity.
B)sexual dysfunctions.
C)fears and phobias.
D)substance abuse.

Question 31

B.F.Skinner is probably the best known investigator of operant behavior.

Question 32

In Freudian terms, the first system to appear in the development of the child is the:

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego.
D)alter-ego.

Question 33

According to Freud's theory, the id is:

A)an outgrowth of society's moral values.
B)the seat of instinctual drives.
C)the "executive" of the personality.
D)the conscious mind.

Question 34

The transference reaction in analytic therapy implies that the client is generalizing from past experience.

Question 35

In Freudian terms, which system employs reason and logic and is concerned with helping the person survive in the world?

A)id.
B)ego.
C)superego
D)alter-ego

Question 36

Which theorist emphasized the person's basic task at each phase of development?

A)Sullivan
B)Homey
C)Fromm
D)Erikson

Question 37

The client is "congruent" when current life experiences agree with the self-concept.

Question 38

Which is not considered a form of alternative therapy?

A)radiation
B)acupuncture
C)visualization or imagery therapy
D)meditation

Question 39

The aim of free association is to bring repressed material into conscious awareness.

Question 40

Behavior therapy is essentially an exploration of the client's personal experiences in life.

Question 41

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the most successful mind-body therapies.

Question 42

The concept of defense mechanisms is probably the most widely used concept in psychotherapy.(pg.172

Question 43

Humanists deny the psychoanalytic belief that human behavior is dominated by animalistic drives.

Question 44

According to Freud, the superego contains the savage, lustful and sexual drives of the individual.

Question 45

Classical conditioning involves the study of reflexes or responses elicited by certain stimuli.

Question 46

Which alternative therapy was originally developed by observing how animals in the wild discharge energy after encountering life-threatening situations.

A)Gestalt Therapy
B)Somatic Experiencing
C)Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing
D)Client-Centered Therapy
E)None of the above

Question 47

The "token economy" has been widely used in residential settings, prisons, classrooms, and even in homes.

Question 48

Organic disorders are caused by physical abnormalities of the brain, nervous system and other internal systems.

Question 49

In the systems model, the identified patient reflects disturbances:

A)within her/himself.
B)between the id and superego.
C)of an earlier developmental phase.
D)in the entire family.

Question 50

A systems therapist would probably agree that the "sick" or symptomatic member of a family should probably be the main focus of treatment.