Deck 3: Cultural Approaches to Health

Question 1

Curanderos use three levels of treatment depending on the source of the illness.

A)basic, moderate and complex
B)mal de ojo, curar, parteras
C)material, spiritual, and mental
D)prayer, candles and herbal ointments

Answer 1

material, spiritual, and mental

Question 2

Chiropractic medicine ______.

A)enhances the flow of qi in the body
B)uses laying on of hands, the healing force of the provider affects the patient's recovery
C)small, highly diluted quantities of medicinal substances are given to cure symptoms
D)focuses on the relationship between body structure and function, and uses manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool

Answer 2

focuses on the relationship between body structure and function, and uses manipulative therapy as an integral treatment tool

Question 3

The Ayurvedic physician uses the following method(s) to diagnose a disease.

A)looks for abnormalities in the body and smelling the patient
B)smudging
C)X-rays and laboratory workups
D)meridian theory

Answer 3

looks for abnormalities in the body and smelling the patient

Question 4

A medicine man holds lodges or "sweats" for different reasons, such as ______.

A)a dedication to someone with cancer or another terminal illness
B)to determine who is most eligible to become a curandero
C)to make individuals aware of the need to make health care changes
D)to restore the balance of yin and yang

Question 5

Most Americans refer to any other medical approach for health and wellness besides the Western approach as ______.

A)complementary and alternative medicine
B)allopathy
C)not appropriate for healthcare
D)conventional medicine

Question 6

The use of red bracelets and the use of black dots on children's foreheads are cultural practices explicitly designed to ______.

A)enhance growth
B)prevent sickness
C)increase attractiveness
D)ward off the evil eye

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)?

A)Feng shui is the most crucial part of TCM.
B)Western medicine is used more often for acute problems, and TCM is used more often for chronic problems.
C)Although well known, TCM has not been studied using the scientific method.
D)A TCM practitioner might prescribe exercises such as yin and yang to promote immune function.

Question 8

One of the most recent empirical validations of traditional East Indian medicine relates to the use of an herbal remedy (called forskolin, isolated from the Coleus forskohlii plant) for the treatment of ______.

A)cancer
B)insomnia
C)impotence
D)heart disease

Question 9

What cultural belief uses the concept of "Walking in Beauty"?

A)Native America
B)Hmong
C)Mexican America
D)Middle Eastern

Question 10

Each of the following directly contributed to our knowledge of human anatomy EXCEPT ______.

A)Fleming
B)Leonardo Da Vinci
C)Galen
D)Andreas Vesalius

Question 11

______ believe/believed that illness results when a person's energy field is weakened or disrupted.

A)Curanderos
B)Pasteur
C)Shamas
D)Native Americans

Question 12

Yin is defined by Traditional Chinese Medicine as being ______.

A)Tao, the supreme source
B)darkness, moon, cold, female
C)light, sun, hot, male
D)the later stage of life

Question 13

A method of healing developed in China at least 2,000 years ago.Procedures involve stimulation of anatomical points on the body by a variety of techniques.This healing technique is called ______.

A)chiropractic
B)qi gong
C)massage
D)acupuncture

Question 14

Some ancient beliefs often find their way into contemporary literature, such as the Harry Potter series.What part of the human body was believed to be the site of power and magic, and this same animal part used in a range of treatments?

A)heart
B)liver
C)mind
D)eyes

Question 15

Who would most likely use "smudge" in their treatment?

A)a clinical health psychologist from the U.S.
B)sangomas
C)curanderos
D)shamans

Question 16

One folk remedy common to American Indian, Mexican American, and Traditional Chinese Medicine is ______.

A)plants
B)saunas
C)warm rocks
D)prayer candles

Question 17

The belief that if an individual had a lot of blood, they would have a cheerful or sanguine personality stems from ______.

A)Egyptian physicians such as Imhotep, the chief physician to Pharaoh Zozer
B)Hippocrates' humoral theory
C)Vesalius's study of human anatomy
D)William Harvey, an English physician

Question 18

______ refers to the belief that "like cures like," meaning that small, highly diluted quantities of medicinal substances are given to cure symptoms.However, when the same substances are given at higher or more concentrated doses it would actually cause those symptoms.

A)Naturopathic medicine
B)Dietary supplements
C)Homeopathic medicine
D)Smudging

Question 19

"Walking in beauty" refers to ______.

A)the involvement of female shamans in ceremonies
B)the use of herbal remedies to reduce the signs of aging
C)the employment of Qi gong rather than aromatherapy as the best mode of healing
D)the worldview that everything in life is connected to everything else

Question 20

The following are complementary and alternative medicines that originated from Asia.

A)Reiki, Qi, gong, acupuncture
B)yoga and vodoo
C)the sweat lodge, qi gong
D)naturopathic medicine and medicine wheel

Question 21

If you were flushed, have a fever, are constipated and have high blood pressure, a TCM practitioner would say ______.

A)you do not have enough Tao
B)you have too much yang
C)you need your gallbladder out
D)your liver is not well

Question 22

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Yin and yang are two forces that are independent of one another.
B)Yang translates to "shady side of the hill."
C)A healthy individual has significantly more yin than yang.
D)TCM practitioners believe that the yin organs are more vital than the yang organs.

Question 23

Which of the following is FALSE regarding TCM?

A)Acupuncture is a form of TCM.
B)In TCM, a healthy individual has a balanced amount of yin and yang.
C)Meridians can be cleared and qi recharged with acupuncture and specific diets.
D)TCM focuses on a cellular microscopic level of diagnosis.

Question 24

Many ______ believe in a form of folk medicine that incorporates and mirrors aspects of voodoo, which is a type of religion derived from some of the world's oldest know religions.

A)Jewish Americans
B)Native Americans
C)African Americans
D)Hispanic Americans

Question 25

Southeast Asian mothers try to make sure that their children do not get the "evil eye" by ______.

A)keeping a knife in the room or area where the baby sleeps
B)placing a large black dot on their child's forehead
C)keeping a dead animal's eye hidden in the house during pregnancy and for the first year of the child's life
D)holding them at all times until they turn one year of age

Question 26

Studies have demonstrated that acupuncture may help in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, and ______.

A)may help children with delayed growth achieve typical growth if they begin using it early enough
B)can assist patients with spinal cord injuries to gain the ability to use limbs
C)can reduce growth of bacteria in a staph infection
D)can relieve nausea in patients recovering from surgery

Question 27

In Sub-Saharan Africa, there are four types of traditional healers who provide health care.______ is one of those types.

A)Blood-letters
B)The doshas
C)Fire keepers
D)Faith healers

Question 28

One theory on why acupuncture works is that ______.

A)it stimulates the release of oxytocin
B)it stimulates the release of yin and yang
C)the pain impulses are blocked from reaching the spinal cord or brain at various "gates" to these areas
D)it shuts down the nervous system

Question 29

When Africans were brought to the Americas, religious persecution forced them to practice ______ in secret.

A)smudging
B)the medicine wheel
C)hypnosis
D)voodo

Question 30

According to one Chinese philosophy, all life and the entire universe originated from a single unified source called ______.

A)the first meridian
B)qi
C)Tao
D)the Panchakarma

Question 31

According to traditional Indian medicine, we are all made up of three ______ that cause disease when they go out of balance.They are also referred to as humors or bodily fluids.

A)Shintos
B)doshas
C)yerberos
D)sangomas

Question 32

Sperm was one of the first specimens observed under the lens of the electron microscope that was invented in 1932 by ______.

A)Hippocrates
B)Wilhelm Roentgen
C)William Harvey
D)Antonius van Leeuwenhoek

Question 33

If a provider is talking about Vata dosha, Pitta dosha, and Kapha dosha, she would be talking about components of this type of health care.

A)Greek humors
B)Japanese Reiki
C)Hmong shamanism
D)Ayurvedic medicine

Question 34

Who first described the circulation of blood and the functioning of the heart in 1628?

A)William Harvey
B)Leonardo da Vinci
C)Antonius van Leeuwenhoek
D)Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 35

Many African cultures rely on traditional healers called ______.

A)sangomas
B)sadhus
C)yogis
D)curanderismos

Question 36

Which of the following is FALSE?

A)Acupuncture is thought to work by keeping a balance between stress hormones and glucose.
B)In North American, acupuncture has been formally recognized to treat psychological disorders and various physiological ailments.
C)Each acupuncture point has a different effect on the qi that passes through it.
D)The National Institutes of Health declared that acupuncture could be useful by itself or in combination with other therapies.

Question 37

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)There is no research on Mexican American folk healing practices and their effects.
B)Many people of African descent rely on inyangas, who are herbalists in charge of the physical health of the people.
C)Latinos are considered a homogeneous group, meaning that they are similar to one another regardless of where they live.
D)Healers (curanderismos), like physicians require that people make appointments and complete required paperwork prior to treatment.

Question 38

Which of the following is TRUE about acupuncture?

A)It is one of the most scientifically validated forms of alternative medicine.
B)The practice of acupuncture in North American began in the 1900s.
C)It works because patients rationalize that something so painful must be effective.
D)Acupuncture has been part of Native American traditional medicine for thousands of years.

Question 39

______ is credited with proving that viruses and bacteria could cause disease.

A)Aristotle
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Leonard Da Vinci
D)Antonius van Leeuwenhoek

Question 40

If you as a patient are purging the body of toxins by vomiting, laxatives, enemas, nasal medication, and bloodletting, you are following this tradition.

A)ancient Greek medicine
B)modern holistic medicine
C)Ayurvedic medicine
D)Traditional Chinese Medicine

Question 41

T.M.is a curandero.T.M.'s office would most likely be located ______.

A)in the healer's own home
B)in a sweat lodge
C)in a Chinese herb shop in an "American Chinatown"
D)in a yoga studio

Question 42

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda share many similarities, including the notion of basic elements.

Question 43

A.M.is living in Africa.If suspected of being a witch, she would most likely be brought to an imam or hakim.

Question 44

Voodoo is a legitimate religion in a number of areas of the world, including ______.

A)Brazil, where it is called Candomble
B)the Philippines, where it is called Charaka
C)Puerto Rico, where it is called Gulla
D)Guatemala, where it is called Sushruta

Question 45

One of the main elements of Western biomedicine is surgery.What do you know about the origin of surgery and some technological milestones in surgery?

Question 46

During a Native American sweat lodge ceremony, a "firekeeper" heats rocks in a wood fire, and the rocks are called elders because the rocks of the earth are seen as ancient observers.

Question 47

Because of the darkness and the heat, individuals in the sweat lodge often experience hallucinations that connect to spirit guides or provide insight into personal conditions.

Question 48

Recently, S.M.was treated with a number of orthomolecular therapies that included eating substances such as magnesium, melatonin, and mega-doses of vitamins.

Question 49

According to the most recent census data, the largest minority group in the United States is ______.

A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)African Americans
D)Latinos

Question 50

Native American medicine has four traditional practices that are common to most tribes.The following is an example of one of them.

A)the use of herbal remedies
B)the use of eggs and garlic for healing
C)the use of animals in healing
D)the use of 12 meridians

Question 51

The first two major ______ texts, the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita have been dated to 1000
B.C.

A)Native American
B)Hindi
C)Ayurvedic
D)qi gong

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT something a curandero would do?

A)charge the family a specific rate for services
B)suggest acupuncture for acute pain
C)utilize material such as herbs, fruits and oils
D)offer healing based on patient's faith

Question 53

The lodge used for the "sweat" in Native American culture symbolizes ______.

A)the heartbeat of Mother Earth
B)the womb of Mother Earth
C)the smooth flow of energy through the body
D)the source of energy for the earth's rotation

Question 54

Surveys of Mexican Americans show that highly assimilated Mexican Americans no longer follow traditional and indigenous practices.

Question 55

Overall, CAM is used more by people from lower SES backgrounds who cannot afford conventional medicine, or allopathy.

Question 56

What are the similarities between Hmong and Native American cultures?

A)They both utilize shamans.
B)They both follow similar dietary regimens during healing ceremonies.
C)They both use of eggs and garlic in healing practices.
D)They both believe in exercises such as qi gong as primary treatments.

Question 57

The chemical composition of some drugs, such as opioids, mirrors that of naturally occurring substances, such as opiates.

Question 58

Overall, CAM use is greater by men and those who have not been hospitalized in the past year.

Question 59

Yoga is part of Ayurvedic practices and its effectiveness has a strong scientific basis.

Question 60

The healing ceremony that uses the medicine wheel, the sacred hoop, the sing, and lasts from two to nine days occurs among ______.

A)Latinos
B)those using Traditional Chinese Medicine
C)Lakota and Navajo tribes
D)African Americans

Question 61

Curanderos, traditional Mexican American healers, use three levels of treatment depending on the source of the illness: material, spiritual, and mental (Trotter & Chavira, 1997).What are some of the techniques used in two of the following: the material, spiritual, and mental levels?

Question 62

How should the field of health psychology best use information about diverse approaches to health?