Deck 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Question 1

With clear definitions of authority and responsibility,division of labour is one of the six characteristics of the Weberian bureaucracy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Frederick W.Taylor developed Systems Thinking and emphasized the fourteen principles of management that should guide managerial behavior.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Scientific management evolved with the use of precise procedures in place of tradition and rules of thumb.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Unity of direction principle proposes that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.

Question 5

A historical perspective provides a narrower way of thinking,a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

Question 6

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of behavioral science.

Question 7

One of the criticisms of scientific management is it did not acknowledge variance among individuals.

Question 8

Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the Weberian bureaucracy.

Question 9

A criticism of human relations management is that it ignores the social context and workers' needs.

Question 10

The early study of management as we know it today began with what is now called the technology-driven workplace.

Question 11

Scientific management focuses on employee competence,whereas administrative principles focus on the total organization.

Question 12

The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management,bureaucratic organizations and administrative principles.

Question 13

Economic forces pertain to the availability,production and distribution of resources in a society.

Question 14

Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior,needs and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes.

Question 15

Political forces are aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 16

Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job.

Question 17

The classical perspective on management emerged during the 1800s.

Question 18

The scalar chain is a hypothetical chain that provides horizontal links between unionized workers in different departments in an organization.

Question 19

Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 20

Fayol's unity of command principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one,and only one superior.

Question 21

Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and motivate their employees,and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way.

Question 22

A social group within an organization is part of the informal organization.

Question 23

Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.

Question 24

Theory Y proposes that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all of their employees.

Question 25

The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity.

Question 26

Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of engineering techniques rather than people.

Question 27

The Systems Thinking approach develops theories about human behavior based on scientific methods and study.

Question 28

An assumption of Theory Y is that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible.

Question 29

Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.

Question 30

Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

Question 31

According to Douglas McGregor,Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers,where Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility,while Theory Y recognizes that workers will avoid work whenever possible.

Question 32

The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.

Question 33

The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance.

Question 34

The Hawthorne studies resulted in the movement towards scientific management.

Question 35

When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers,and this leads to continual improvement of production,synergy has occurred.

Question 36

A contingency view argues that there is one best way to manage an organization.

Question 37

The term "quants" refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis,under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market works.

Question 38

Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.

Question 39

The human relations movement is also referred to as the dairy farm view of management,meaning that contented cows give more milk,and satisfied workers will give more work.

Question 40

The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

Question 41

_____ forces refer to those aspects of a corporate culture that guides and influences relationships amongst workpeople.

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 42

Six Sigma refers to an innovation mindset,used widely by Indian companies,that strives to meet customers' immediate needs quickly and inexpensively.

Question 43

A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it refers to outsourcing.

Question 44

The implementation of small,incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to continuous improvement.

Question 45

Which of these forces often comprises unwritten,common rules and perceptions about relationships?

A) Economic forces
B) Political forces
C) Social forces
D) Legal forces
E) Personal forces

Question 46

Although developed by a Japanese business manager,the quality movement is strongly associated with American companies.

Question 47

Who is considered the "first lady of management?"

A) Mary Parker Follett
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Carly Fiorina
D) Maxine Weber
E) Anne Adams

Question 48

Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.

Question 49

Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labour productivity?

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The TQM approach
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The scientific management movement

Question 50

Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.

Question 51

Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with:

A) the one best way to do work.
B) leadership flows from the top down.
C) procedures and policies.
D) scientific management.
E) bureaucracy.

Question 52

A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Question 53

Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers,covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Question 54

The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which early management perspective

A) The human relations movement
B) The behavioral sciences approach
C) The classical perspective
D) The quantitative management approach
E) The TQM approach

Question 55

Time and motion studies that resulted in drastic reduction in the time patients spent on the operating table were pioneered by _____.

A) Edward Deming
B) Henry Gantt
C) Max Weber
D) Mary Parker Follett
E) Frank Gilbreth

Question 56

Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational,scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations more efficient operating machines?

A) The Humanistic Perspective
B) The Behavioral Sciences Approach
C) The Classical Perspective
D) The TQM approach
E) The Quantitative Management Approach

Question 57

_____ is the most recent management perspective.

A) Total quality management
B) Contingency views
C) Systems theory
D) Open (collaborative)innovation
E) Classical perspective

Question 58

An innovation mindset that strives to consistently meet customers' immediate needs is referred to as:

A) kaizen.
B) just-in-time control.
C) total quality management.
D) jugaad.
E) XY Theory.

Question 59

Which of these forces pertain to the availability,production,and distribution of resources in a society?

A) Social
B) Political
C) Economic
D) Technological
E) Legal

Question 60

The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.

Question 61

Frederick Taylor's contributions were in the field of:

A) scientific management.
B) human resource management.
C) human relations.
D) quantitative management.
E) total quality management.

Question 62

Which of these is a major criticism of scientific management?

A) It ignores the social context of work.
B) It ignores the impact of compensation on performance.
C) It overemphasizes individual differences.
D) It overemphasizes the intelligence of workers.
E) It emphasizes the social context of work.

Question 63

Mary Parker Follett thought of leadership as _____,rather than techniques.

A) systems
B) procedures
C) people
D) efficiencies
E) statistics

Question 64

Max Weber felt selection of employees should be based on _____.

A) education
B) competence
C) connections
D) political skills
E) efficient systems

Question 65

According to Weber's ideas on bureaucracy,organizations should be based on which of these?

A) Personal loyalty
B) Personal references
C) Rational authority
D) Family ties
E) Charismatic authority

Question 66

The bureaucratic organizations approach is a subfield within the _____.

A) classical perspective
B) systems theory
C) scientific management
D) learning organization
E) management science view

Question 67

A key finding in the Hawthorne studies was which of these?

A) Stronger lighting increased productivity.
B) More money resulted in increased productivity.
C) Productivity increased with autocratic leadership.
D) Higher temperatures reduced productivity.
E) Human relations increased productivity.

Question 68

Positions organized in a hierarchy of authority are an important characteristic of:

A) scientific management.
B) bureaucratic organizations.
C) quantitative management.
D) the human relations movement.
E) total quality management.

Question 69

All of the following are characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy except:

A) labour is divided with clear definitions of authority and responsibility that are legitimized as official duties.
B) positions are organized in a hierarchy of authority,with each position under the authority of a higher one.
C) all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications.
D) administrative acts and decisions are recorded in writing.
E) management is the same as the ownership of the organization.

Question 70

Which of the following is not a criticism of scientific management?

A) It does not appreciate the social context of work.
B) It does not appreciate the higher needs of workers.
C) It does not appreciate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
D) It does not acknowledge variance amongst individuals.
E) It tends to regard workers as uninformed and ignores their ideas and suggestions.

Question 71

_____ is considered the "father of scientific management."

A) Frank B.Gilbreth
B) Elton Mayo
C) Henry Gantt
D) Douglas McGregor
E) Frederick W.Taylor

Question 72

Whereas scientific management focused on _____ ,administrative principles approach focused on the _____.

A) individual productivity;total organization
B) organization productivity;individual effort
C) efficient procedures;management by principle
D) employee ability;employee loyalty
E) employee competence;work flow through the organization

Question 73

Which of the following is a bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed?

A) Time and Work chart
B) Gantt chart
C) Time and Motion chart
D) Production and Delivery chart
E) Gilbreth chart

Question 74

The principle that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager is the essence of the classical perspective known as:

A) unity of command.
B) division of work.
C) unity of direction.
D) scalar chain.
E) quality management.

Question 75

The use of specialization to produce more and better work with the same level of effort is consistent with the administrative management principle of:

A) unity of command.
B) unity of direction.
C) scalar chain.
D) division of work.
E) none of these

Question 76

Chester Bernard felt that _____ could help a poorly managed organization.

A) bureaucracy
B) line managers
C) efficiencies
D) informal relations
E) top/down flow of information

Question 77

The _____ refers to a chain of authority extending from the top to the bottom of the organization and including every employee.

A) unity of command
B) division of labour
C) unity of direction
D) scalar chain
E) none of these

Question 78

The three subfields of the classical perspective include:

A) quantitative management,behavioral science and administrative management.
B) bureaucratic organization,quantitative management and the human relations movement.
C) administrative management,bureaucratic organization and scientific management.
D) scientific management,quantitative management and administrative management.
E) none of these.

Question 79

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of:

A) bureaucratic organizations.
B) scientific management.
C) quantitative management.
D) administrative management.
E) behavioral science.

Question 80

Mary Parker Follett contributed to which field?

A) Humanistic approach
B) Scientific management approach
C) Total quality management approach
D) Quantitative approach to management
E) Systems approach to management