Deck 2: Basic Genetics

Question 1

In what stage of mitosis is DNA not actively dividing?

A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the MN blood group system, a person who inherits an "M" allele and an "N" allele expresses both M and N antigens on the RBCs. Which of the following is true?

A) M is dominant to N.
B) N is dominant to M.
C) M an N are codominant alleles.
D) M and N are located on the same chromosome.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When an individual is said to have blood group A, it refers to the individual's:

A) alleles on the chromosome.
B) genotype.
C) phenotype.
D) haplotype.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Mendel's law of separation, the first-filial generation is:

A) recessive.
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.
D) autologous.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of mitosis?

A) Cell division by which only one-half of the daughter cells produced are identical to the parent cell
B) Cell division of germ cells by which two successive divisions of the nucleus produce cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells
C) Cell division that produces two daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent
D) Cell division that produces four daughter cells (4n)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the structure of human chromosomes?

A) Linear strands of DNA wound around histones
B) Linear strands of RNA wrapped around histones
C) Tertiary structure of DNA wound around histones
D) Quaternary structure of DNA wound around histones

Question 7

The diploid chromosome number in humans is:

A) 12
B) 23
C) 46
D) 92

Question 8

All of the following may cause an alteration in DNA, except:

A) ultraviolet light.
B) alkylating agents.
C) antibodies.
D) enzymes.

Question 9

All of the following are included in transcription except:

A) mRNA terminates at the 5' end.
B) RNA polymerase II binds to a promoter.
C) it proceeds from the 3' end to the 5' end.
D) the 5' end is capped with a methyl residue.

Question 10

How many chromosomes do somatic cells of humans have?

A) 46
B) 50
C) 23
D) 100

Question 11

When 1,000 donors were tested, 75% were positive for C and 25% were negative for C; the gene frequency of C is:

A)10.
C) 0.5.
B)1.
D) 25.

Question 12

All of the following processes occur in replication, except:

A) the two DNA strands separate via helicase.
B) DNA polymerase acts on the 5' to 3' parent strand to produce an anticomplementary duplicate strand.
C) DNA polymerase acts on the 3' to 5' parent strand to produce an anticomplementary duplicate strand.
D) replication of the 3' to 5' parent strand is initiated by the enzyme primase, which anneals to the parent strand.

Question 13

Methods to isolate intact DNA in order for it to be studied include all of the following except:

A) pH changes.
B) enzyme activation.
C) detergent lysis.
D) heat treatment.

Question 14

What blood group is the best example of codominantly inherited blood group genes?

A) Rh
B) MN
C) Lewis
D) ABO

Question 15

How is it genetically possible for a child to type Rh-negative?

A) Both parents are Dd.
B) Both parents are DD.
C) Mom is DD and Dad is Dd.
D) Sibling is Rh-positive.

Question 16

Which type of genetic change (mutation) is incapable of reverting back to the original phenotype?

A) Duplication
B) Deletion
C) Recombination
D) Insertion

Question 17

The two strands of DNA are: ; one runs in a 5' to 3' direction, and the other runs in a 3' to 5' direction.

A) parallel
B) antiparallel
C) somatic
D) zigzag

Question 18

Point mutations include which of the following?

A) Substitutions
B) Insertions
C) Deletions
D) Substitutions, insertions, and deletions

Question 19

A father carries the Xg^a trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but none of his sons. What type of inheritance does this represent?

A) Autosomal dominant
B) X-linked dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) Autosomal recessive

Question 20

A gene, such as the O gene, that produces no detectable product is called:

A) an amorph.
B) a trait.
C) an allele.
D) recessive.

Question 21

How is RNA different from DNA?

A) RNA usually exists as one strand
B) Ribose is substituted for deoxyribose
C) RNA incorporates uracil
D) All of the above

Question 22

In which of the following circumstances will Hardy-Weinberg's principle fail?

A) Mutation
B) Genetic drift
C) Nonrandom mating
D) All the above

Question 23

Which of the following best describes classical genetics?

A) DNA alteration that is caused by a physical or chemical agent
B) Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
C) Possessing a pair of identical alleles
D) The synthesis of RNA from DNA requiring RNA polymerase

Question 24

The condition in which one chromosome has a copy of the gene and the other chromosome has that gene deleted or absent is referred to as:

A) homozygous.
B) heterozygous.
C) hemizygous.
D) recessive.

Question 25

A structural alteration of DNA in an organism that is caused by a physical or chemical agent is called:

A) transcription.
B) translation.
C) mutation.
D) cloning.

Question 26

A triple set of nucleotides is a:

A) helix.
B) base.
C) codon.
D) template.

Question 27

Which of the following must be true when using the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

A) The population must be large
B) Mutations cannot occur
C) Mating must occur randomly
D) All of the above

Question 28

Alternate forms of a gene that can occur at a single chromosome locus are referred to as:

A) amorphs.
B) traits.
C) alleles.
D) recessive.

Question 29

Most antigens in the various blood group systems follow what kind of inheritance patterns?

A) Codominant
B) Homozygous
C) Dominant
D) Autosomal

Question 30

What is meant by the term autosomal?

A) Trait is not carried on the sex chromosomes
B) Trait is carried on sex chromosomes
C) Trait is not expressed in the parents
D) Organism possesses different alleles for a given characteristic

Question 31

A human gamete (egg or sperm) contains how many chromosomes?

A) 23 pairs
B) 46 pairs
C) 23 chromosomes
D) 46 chromosomes

Question 32

DNA is composed of all of the following except:

A) adenine.
B) guanine.
C) cytosine.
D) uracil.

Question 33

Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, if a total random population carried the dominant allele E and 20% carried the recessive allele e, what would the total percentage be for the recessive trait ee?

A) 64%
B) 4%
C) 16%
D) 0.4%

Question 34

Which constituent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the total number of alleles?

A) q
B) p
C) 2pq
D) q²

Question 35

In a pedigree analysis, what do vertical lines indicate?

A) Consanguineous mating
B) Offspring
C) Stillbirth
D) Deceased sibling

Question 36

A woman with blood group A marries a man with blood group O. Their firstborn child has blood group O. The mother's most probable genotype is:

A) OO
B) AA
C) AB
D) AO

Question 37

What is a vector?

A) Substance capable of catalyzing a reaction
B) Sequence of three bases in a strand of DNA
C) Extrachromosomal genetic element that can carry a recombinant DNA molecule into a host bacterial cell
D) Substance that can carry an electric current in solution

Question 38

How do restriction endonucleases function?

A) Disrupt hydrogen bonding in DNA structure
B) Promote digestion of RNA
C) Cut DNA into smaller fragments
D) Terminate translation of mRNA

Question 39

All of the following are consistent with Mendel's basic rules of inheritance except:

A) the gene is transmitted through generations intact.
B) a pair of genes is always found in the same gamete.
C) different pairs of genes are assorted independently of each other.
D) a pair of genes is rarely found in the same gamete.

Question 40

What amino acid initiates translation by attaching to tRNA?

A) Glycine
B) Alanine
C) Methionine
D) Lysine