Deck 7: Clinical Laboratory Studies

Question 1

Which of the following terms describes the immature neutrophil?

A) Band
B) Monocyte
C) Erythrocyte
D) Reticulocyte

Answer 1

Band

Question 2

Which of the following types of white blood cells fights bacterial infection?

A) Basophil
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte

Answer 2

Neutrophil

Question 3

Which of the following types of white blood cells is physically the largest?

A) Basophil
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte

Answer 3

Monocyte

Question 4

Which of the following terms describes an increase in white blood cell count associated with a shift of cells from the marginated pool to the circulating pool?

A) Pseudoneutrophilia
B) Pseudoneutropenia
C) Neutropenia
D) Lymphocytosis

Question 5

Which of the following types of white blood cells is useful against allergic reactions and defends against parasitic infestations?

A) Monocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Eosinophil
D) Lymphocyte

Question 6

Which of the following terms describes the change in white blood cell count that often occurs in patients with tuberculosis?

A) Lymphocytosis
B) Monocytosis
C) Eosinophilia
D) Basophilia

Question 7

What is the normal life span of the neutrophil?

A) 10 days
B) 21 days
C) 60 days
D) 90 days

Question 8

What is the normal percentage of lymphocytes in circulating white blood cells?

A) 5% to 10%
B) 15% to 25%
C) 20% to 45%
D) 50% to 70%

Question 9

Which of the following is a formed element found in circulating blood?

A) Sodium
B) Platelets
C) Potassium
D) Bicarbonate

Question 10

Which of the following types of white blood cells exists as two types-the B cell and the T cell?

A) Basophil
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes an abnormal increase in the proportion of circulating immature neutrophils?

A) Neutrophilia
B) Left shift
C) Leukopenia
D) Leukocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following terms is used for white blood cells?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Thrombocytes
C) Leukocytes
D) Hemocytes

Question 13

Which of the following terms is used for blood platelets?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Thrombocytes
C) Leukocytes
D) Hemocytes

Question 14

What percentage of normal circulating white blood cells are immature and nonsegmented?

A) 0% to 5%
B) 5% to 10%
C) 10% to 15%
D) 15% to 22%

Question 15

Which of the following types of white blood cells is responsible for phagocytosis?

A) Basophil
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte

Question 16

Which of the following terms is used for red blood cells?

A) Leukocytes
B) Hemocytes
C) Monocytes
D) Erythrocytes

Question 17

What percentage of circulating white blood cells is made up of neutrophils?

A) 10% to 30%
B) 25% to 50%
C) 50% to 70%
D) 60% to 85%

Question 18

Which of the following white blood cells are granulocytes?
1) Basophil
2) Eosinophil
3) Neutrophil
4) Lymphocyte

A)1 and 4
B)2 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 19

Which of the following terms describes an overall abnormal decrease in white blood cell count?

A) Anemia
B) Leukopenia
C) Leukocytosis
D) Polycythemia

Question 20

What type of white blood cell typically is most prevalent in the circulating blood?

A) Monocyte
B) Eosinophil
C) Neutrophil
D) Lymphocyte

Question 21

A patient with a platelet count of about 80,000/mm³ is likely to have what condition?

A) Infection
B) Renal failure
C) Excessive bleeding
D) None of the above, because this is a normal value

Question 22

Which of the following terms is used to describe an abnormally low potassium level?

A) Hyponatremia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypochloremia
D) Hypocalcemia

Question 23

What cells proliferate in patients with leukemia?

A) Reticulocytes
B) Segmented neutrophils
C) Monocytes
D) Blasts

Question 24

What substance is a vital constituent of the heme portion of hemoglobin?

A) Iron
B) Protein
C) Sodium
D) Calcium

Question 25

Which of the following is considered the major cation of the extracellular fluid?

A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Chloride
D) Potassium

Question 26

Which of the following terms describes an abnormal decrease in red blood cell count?

A) Anemia
B) Cytothemia
C) Leukopenia
D) Polycythemia

Question 27

Which of the following terms describes anemia due to low hemoglobin levels?

A) Microcytic
B) Leukopenic
C) Hypocytotic
D) Hypochromic

Question 28

In which of the following conditions would secondary polycythemia not be expected?

A) Pulmonary fibrosis
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Living at high altitude
D) Congenital heart disease

Question 29

Which of the following types of leukocytosis is typically seen in patients with viral infection?

A) Basophilia
B) Neutrophilia
C) Monocytosis
D) Lymphocytosis

Question 30

The most common type of anemia worldwide is the result of:

A) hemorrhage.
B) gastrointestinal bleeding.
C) iron deficiency.
D) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.

Question 31

What can be said about the nucleus of the mature circulating red blood cell?

A) It is round.
B) It is absent.
C) It is large and red.
D) It is very small.

Question 32

Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen with hyponatremia?

A) Confusion
B) Headache
C) Chest pain
D) Shortness of breath

Question 33

What substance is responsible for carrying red blood cell oxygen on to the tissues?

A) Thrombin
B) Cytokines
C) Hemoglobin
D) Prothrombin

Question 34

In which of the following conditions would spurious polycythemia most likely be seen?

A) Lung cancer
B) Dehydration
C) Fever
D) Hypertension

Question 35

Which of the following terms describes red blood cells that are larger than normal?

A) Macrocytic
B) Hypercytotic
C) Hyperchromic
D) Polycythemic

Question 36

Heavy smokers are prone to what change in the red blood cell count?

A) Secondary polycythemia
B) Microcytic anemia
C) Hypochromic anemia
D) Macrocytic anemia

Question 37

What problem is associated with an abnormal international normalized ratio (INR) value?

A) Kidney disease
B) Liver failure
C) Bleeding
D) Pulmonary edema

Question 38

What electrolyte abnormality is associated with irregular pulse, muscle weakness, and abdominal distention?

A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypernatremia

Question 39

What is believed to cause neutropenia in patients with viral infection?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Increased margination of neutrophils
C) Increased neutrophil lysis
D) Increased loss of neutrophils to gastrointestinal waste

Question 40

What is the typical life span of a red blood cell?

A) 30 days
B) 60 days
C) 120 days
D) 180 days

Question 41

If an infection is being effectively treated by an antibiotic, which of the following would be true?

A) The Gram-stained smear will no longer demonstrate the pathogen.
B) The patient's white blood count will increase.
C) The patient's platelet count will rapidly increase.
D) The patient will present with foul-smelling sputum.

Question 42

Which of the following disorders is associated with hyperglycemia?

A) Hepatitis
B) Diabetes
C) Renal failure
D) Myocardial infarction

Question 43

Elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in the blood suggests what type of problem?

A) Renal failure
B) Liver failure
C) Heart disease
D) Gallbladder disease

Question 44

The classic dividing line between transudates and exudates is a protein level of __ g/dL.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 45

A patient presents with a D-dimer of 210 ng/mL. Which of the following would be a suspected disease process or condition?
1) Streptococcal pneumonia
2) Pleural effusion
3) Pulmonary embolism
4) Tuberculosis

A)1 and 4
B)2 and 3
C)1, 2, and 4
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 46

Which of the following terms is used to describe the microorganisms present in the saliva of a healthy person?

A) Normal flora
B) Acid-fast bacteria
C) Gram-negative pathogens
D) Gram-positive pathogens

Question 47

A 62 year-old male patients is presenting with shortness of breath and has a BNP level of 590 pg/mL. What is his likely diagnosis?

A) Congestive heart failure
B) Exacerbation of asthma
C) Pneumonia
D) Exacerbation of COPD

Question 48

For which of the following disorders does a skin test use purified protein derivative (PPD)?

A) Sarcoidosis
B) Tuberculosis
C) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Histoplasmosis

Question 49

The highest levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are seen in acute:

A) pulmonary infarction.
B) hepatitis.
C) myocardial infarction.
D) renal failure.

Question 50

During evaluation of the enzymes, what disorder is associated with elevation of the CK-MB on electrophoresis?

A) Hepatitis
B) Renal failure
C) Metabolic acidosis
D) Myocardial infarction

Question 51

Elevation of troponin is associated with what disorder?

A) Acute myocardial infarction
B) Hepatitis
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) Trauma

Question 52

The purpose of performing the sensitivity test on sputum samples is to:

A) determine the best antibiotic to prescribe.
B) determine the viscosity of the sputum.
C) determine the quality of the sputum sample.
D) identify the general type of organism responsible for the infection.

Question 53

Which of the following conditions are known to cause anergy?
1) Chronic hypertension
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Lung cancer
4) Aging

A)1 and 4
B)2 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 54

Which of the following organisms is responsible for most cases of bacterial pneumonia?

A) Pseudomonas
B) Klebsiella pneumoniae
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 55

Hypoalbuminemia may result in what pulmonary problem?

A) Asthma
B) Emphysema
C) Diaphragm paralysis
D) Pulmonary edema

Question 56

What procedure is performed by a pulmonologist to obtain organisms that may be present deep in the lung in patients with pneumonia?

A) Sputum induction with hypotonic nebulized solution
B) Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
C) Tracheal intubation with lavage
D) Thoracentesis

Question 57

What disease is associated with elevations in sodium and chloride in sweat?

A) Pneumonia
B) Emphysema
C) Renal disease
D) Cystic fibrosis