Deck 18: Nutritional Assessment of Patients With Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Of which of the following components should the majority of dietary intake be made up?

A) Fat
B) Carbohydrate
C) Protein
D) Vitamins

Answer 1

Carbohydrate

Question 2

What gas is required for optimum production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A) Argon
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrous oxide
D) Oxygen

Answer 2

Oxygen

Question 3

What dietary adjustment might be best for patients with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A) Increased carbohydrates
B) Increased fats
C) Increased proteins
D) Increased salt intake

Answer 3

Increased fats

Question 4

Which of the following might indicate poor nutritional status?

A) Low BMI
B) Positive nitrogen balance
C) Positive response to skin antigen testing
D) High serum albumin level

Question 5

Which of the following might hinder attempts at nutritional repletion in patients with respiratory disease?
1) The use of bronchodilators
2) Simple oxygen therapy
3) Intubation
4) Deep breathing and cough exercises

A)2 and 4
B)1 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with a low-protein diet?

A) Increased work of breathing
B) Increased fixed acid load
C) Immune compromise
D) Increased stress on the kidneys

Question 7

Which of the following is a pulmonary effect of starvation?

A) Increased diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
B) Increased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)
C) Increased risk of pneumonia
D) Increased functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 8

What is nitrogen balance useful in determining?

A) The adequacy of protein intake
B) The adequacy of carbohydrate intake
C) The need for vitamin supplementation
D) Fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 9

Which of the following may be more difficult with a high-carbohydrate diet?

A) Oxygenation
B) Cellular gas exchange
C) Oxygen transport
D) Weaning from mechanical ventilation

Question 10

Which of the following are associated with increased metabolism?
1) Severe burns
2) Severe infection
3) Multiple traumas
4) Hypothyroidism

A)2 and 4
B)1 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 11

What test is most useful for screening a patient for protein malnutrition?

A) Serum albumin level
B) Triceps skinfold
C) Creatinine-height index
D) BMI

Question 12

What is the RQ value of a patient eating a pure carbohydrate diet?

A) 0.60
B) 0.70
C) 0.85
D) 1.00

Question 13

Which of the following is true about anaerobic metabolism?
1) It can cause metabolic alkalosis.
2) It results in excess lactate production.
3) It results in excess production of carbon dioxide.
4) It is a very inefficient method of producing ATP.

A)2 and 4
B)1 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 14

Which of the following are associated with a high-fat diet?
1) Increased risk of heart disease
2) Decreased tissue oxygenation
3) Decreased DLCO
4) Increased carbon dioxide production

A)1 and 3
B)2 and 3
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 15

What method of nutritional delivery is considered the least efficient?

A) By mouth
B) By nasogastric tube
C) By arterial line
D) By IV line

Question 16

Which of the following is an indicator of the energy requirements of the patient?

A) PaO₂ to PaO₂ ratio
B) Minute ventilation
C) Oxygen uptake per minute
D) Vital capacity

Question 17

What mineral plays an important role in oxygen transport?

A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Zinc
D) Magnesium

Question 18

Measuring the patient's energy expenditure with the use of oxygen consumption is referred to as _____ calorimetry.

A) direct
B) indirect
C) simple
D) complex

Question 19

How does the cachectic patient appear physically?

A) Central obesity only
B) Very thin and malnourished
C) Edematous around the face
D) Very short of breath

Question 20

What element must be stored in sufficient quantities to meet the metabolic demands of the diaphragm?

A) Arginine
B) Glycogen
C) 2,3-DPG (diphosphoglycerate)
D) Fat

Question 21

Malnutrition can lead to which of the following?
1) Increased pulmonary blood flow
2) Increased tissue oxygenation
3) Decreased surfactant synthesis
4) Emphysematous changes in the lung

A)1 and 2
B)3 and 4
C)1, 2, and 3
D)2, 3, and 4

Question 22

Which of the following findings during inspection would suggest that the patient is malnourished?

A) Generalized obesity
B) Use of accessory muscles
C) Presence of wheezes
D) Weak cough