Deck 10: Families

Question 1

The traditionally higher fertility rate in Quebec decreased in the 1960s due to the weakening influence of the ________ church.

Answer 1

Roman Catholic

Question 2

Your textbook defines a/an ________ as two or more people related by blood, adoption or marriage (legally or otherwise), and who reside together.

Answer 2

family

Question 3

The ________ refers to the fact that in a marriage, a younger partner (usually a wife) has less experience with responsibility and leadership roles, and is likely to have achieved less in economic or career terms, as compared to the older partner.

Answer 3

mating gradient

Question 4

It is much easier for a woman to get out of an unhappy marriage if she is ________.

Question 5

Expressive exchanges represent the ________ dimension of marriage.

A) structural
B) intellectual
C) task-oriented
D) emotional
E) instrumental.

Question 6

Earning a living and maintaining a household are part of the ________ dimension of marriage.

Question 7

In a/an ________ family there are children from a prior marriage of one of the spouses.

A) endogamous
B) husband-wife
C) polyandrous
D) reconstituted
E) matrilocal

Question 8

The ________ standard regards sex as a physical expression of love and sees premarital sex as acceptable when love or strong affection is present.

Question 9

A family organization in which the primary emphasis is on the biological link rather than on the spousal relationship is referred to as a/an ________ family.

Question 10

Among the Nayar in Southern India, married women could receive any of the men of the neighbourhood group as ________.

Question 11

The ________ is a feature of families that is almost uniform across societies.

Question 12

As a premarital sexual standard, the ________ standard grants men premarital sexual license, but expects premarital virginity of women.

Question 13

In non-industrial societies individuals obtained much of their emotional gratification through religion and community. Using Durkheim's terminology, these societies were held together by ________ solidarity.

Question 14

According to Murdock, 75% of the world's societies (but not 75% of the world's population) appear to accept ________ as a form of marriage.

Question 15

In the ________ view, long-term changes in the family are related to societal changes, especially changes in economic structures.

Question 16

Polygyny and polyandry are critically different in what respect?

A) in polygynous marriages males are the household head
B) in polyandry the wife has more than one husband
C) in polyandry the male has more than one wife
D) in polygyny the male allows sexual access to his wife to other male blood relatives
E) in polygyny the male has extra-marital affairs with single women

Question 17

________ is defined as one woman married to two or more men.

Question 18

Until 1968, ________ was the only ground for divorce in Canada.

Question 19

According to the definition in your text, to be considered a family, a social unit must:

A) be recognized by the church or the state
B) have members of the opposite sex
C) maintain a common residence
D) have income
E) share common values

Question 20

Polygyny means:

A) one man married to two or more women: husband sharing
B) marriage of one man to one woman
C) marriage of one woman to more than one man
D) marriage involving two or more women and two or more men
E) marriage in which there are no children

Question 21

The modern phenomenon of cohabitation started with university students, especially in ________ and ________, in the 1960s.

A) North America, South America
B) North America, Scandinavia
C) Scandinavia, France
D) Germany, Holland
E) The United States, South America

Question 22

One example of ________, or dissimilarity between married partners, occurs with respect to age.

A) heterogamy
B) homogamy
C) exogamy
D) endogamy
E) hatrogamy

Question 23

Divorce propensities are particularly high if:

A) the couple married at a young age
B) the marriage includes children
C) the husband earns significantly more than his wife
D) the couple married later in life
E) the marriage is a first marriage

Question 24

Communal residence and occupational cooperation in the Yoruba of Nigeria would be threatened if the Yoruba men followed ________ bonds and listened to their wives rather than their fathers and brothers.

A) nuclear
B) consanguine
C) kinship
D) extended
E) incomplete

Question 25

Suppose marriage patterns in a society followed the principles of exogamy and polyandry. Which of the following cases would conform to the society's principles?

A) a man who is married to several women from a different tribe
B) a man who is married to several women from his own tribe
C) a woman who is married to several men from a different tribe
D) a woman who is married to several men from her own tribe
E) a man who takes at least one wife from his own tribe

Question 26

Homogamy refers to the idea that:

A) children in a family belong to the whole social group
B) the D factor
C) opposites attract
D) like marries like
E) marriage involves only two partners

Question 27

In the transition from a non-industrial to an industrial society, families became all but which of the following:

A) more important as sources of emotional gratification
B) more important as sources of personal identity
C) more important as sources of affective involvement
D) more important as sources of care of the aged
E) less central to the organization of society

Question 28

The term "cluttered nest" refers to the fact that:

A) the age of home leaving for children is increasing
B) polygamy is becoming more popular
C) homosexual unions are increasing in number
D) the extended family is becoming more popular
E) exogamy is becoming more popular

Question 29

________ said that the government had no place in the nation's bedrooms.

A) Marx
B) Weber
C) Durkheim
D) Trudeau
E) Layton

Question 30

A family organization where the emphasis is on biological ties rather than spousal ties is called a:

A) nuclear family
B) reconstituted family
C) consanguine family
D) neolocal family
E) blended family

Question 31

Despite the fact that the dual-earner model has become the norm, close to half of families could be described as ________ because the major responsibility for paid and unpaid work remains divided along traditional gender lines.

A) neo-traditional
B) double burden
C) homogamous
D) heterogamous
E) partnership

Question 32

In part, the incest taboo reinforces the family by:

A) encouraging sexual rivalry
B) enlarging the kin network
C) enhancing the expressive dimension of the family
D) discouraging exogamy
E) discouraging endogamy

Question 33

In a ________ family, the emphasis is on the spousal bonds.

A) nuclear
B) reconstituted
C) consanguine
D) neolocal
E) blended

Question 34

Which of the following best describes Canadian divorce rates, as compared to other countries?

A) higher than France, but lower than the U.S.
B) higher than the U.S., but lower than England
C) lower than the U.S., and lower than Germany
D) higher than in Germany, but lower than in Japan
E) lower than in the United Kingdom, but higher than in Sweden

Question 35

The implications of the average wife being two years younger than her husband, and therefore of a lesser social status, are expressed in the concept of:

A) homogamy
B) mating gradient
C) endogamy
D) exogamy
E) instrumental function

Question 36

Generally speaking, a longer life span for individuals increases the chances for:

A) larger numbers of children in the family
B) the reestablishment of the extended family
C) later home-leaving for children
D) marital breakdown and divorce
E) higher joint income

Question 37

The premarital sexual standard which suggests that sex is primarily a giving and receiving of sexual pleasure is known as the:

A) fun standard
B) new morality
C) abstinence standard
D) double standard
E) love standard

Question 38

Generally speaking, the 1950s are considered by researchers to be a period that was:

A) poor in terms of family income growth
B) family centred
C) an entry point for women into the workforce
D) still recovering from the return of veterans from World War II
E) the end of the baby boom

Question 39

Among families with children, approximately ________ percent were lone-parent families in 2006:

A) 40
B) 30
C) 26
D) 15
E) 10

Question 40

Which of the following is not a source of strain for single parents, according to Cherlin?

A) task overload
B) responsibility overload
C) emotional overload
D) being inexperienced as parents
E) too little time

Question 41

Describe what is meant by the "double burden" and describe its prevalence in Canada.

Question 42

The term nuclear family is used to describe a family that includes more than parents and unmarried children.

Question 43

In non-industrial societies individuals obtained much of their emotional gratification through religion and community. Using Durkheim's terminology, these societies were held together by organic solidarity.

Question 44

Define "mechanical solidarity" and "organic solidarity." Which is prevalent in non-industrial societies, and which in industrial societies?

Question 45

In the functionalist view, long-term changes in the family are related to societal changes, especially changes in economic structures.

Question 46

The rules of inheritance perpetuate inequality.

Question 47

One reason why divorce levels may be higher at lower levels of socioeconomic status is that a lower income means that the instrumental exchanges in the marriage are less rewarding.

Question 48

The traditionally higher fertility rate in Quebec decreased in the 1990s due to the weakening influence of the Roman Catholic Church.

Question 49

"Neolocal" refers to a couple residing alone.

Question 50

According to Murdock, 75% of the world's population appear to accept polygyny as a form of marriage.

Question 51

What are the main factors contributing to divorce?

Question 52

As a premarital sexual standard, the double standard grants men premarital sexual license, but expects premarital virginity of women.

Question 53

A kinship gradient may be defined as two or more people related by blood, adoption or marriage (legally or otherwise), and who reside together.

Question 54

The endogamy gradient refers to the fact that in a marriage, the wife is of a lesser status than her husband.

Question 55

The functionalist perspective has argued that the family and kin groups had a larger number of functions in pre-industrial society.

Question 56

Name and briefly describe any two types of marriage.

Question 57

Earning a living and maintaining a household are part of the expressive dimension of marriage.

Question 58

In terms of its instrumental/expressive dimensions, how has the family changed since the advent of the industrial revolution?

Question 59

Using examples, explain the difference between a nuclear and a consanguine family.

Question 60

According to Murdock, 75% of the world's societies appear to accept polygyny as a form of marriage.

Question 61

Until 1968, adultery was the only grounds for divorce in Canada.