Deck 4: Socialization

Question 1

Socialization processes are intended to ensure both the ________ of individual members and the survival of the group or culture.

Answer 1

physical survival

Question 2

Functionalists tend to view socialization as a necessary and ________ process inherent in all groups and societies.

Answer 2

benign

Question 3

The ________ movement sought to perfect the human gene pool and thereby eliminate aspects of human nature such as crime and poverty.

Answer 3

eugenics

Question 4

________ believe that people are meaning-seeking and self-referential, and through these activities they both create societies and socialize with each other.

Question 5

________ contended that the development of the self takes place in two stages.

Question 6

In ________ cultures, the relations between parents and their off spring are governed by traditional norms beyond questioning by either parent or child

Question 7

The debate concerning human conditioning was sparked by two contrary positions: the ________ versus ________ debate.

Question 8

________ systems are now pervasive socialization contexts influencing the first few decades of the life course.

Question 9

Within sociology, we can find four distinct conceptions of socialization corresponding to the three classical theoretical perspectives. These are:

A) conditioning, genetic, deviant, sociobiological
B) functionalism, conflict perspectives, feminist approaches, symbolic interactionism
C) socialization, genetic, functionalism, deviant
D) socialization, domestication, conflict, evolutionary.
E) functionalism, socialization, conditioning, deprivation.

Question 10

In ________ cultures, the intergenerational linkage becomes tenuous because of social change brought by technological advancement, economic transformation, war and various other factors.

Question 11

The controversy that concerns the raw materials that form the basis of human behaviour is known as:

A) the oversocialized conception of humanity
B) the nature-nurture debate
C) the theory of biological evolution
D) geneticism
E) blaming the victim

Question 12

Studies of children adopted from poorly run Romanian orphanages found that those who had been adopted before ________ of age suffered no lasting negative effects.

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 2 years
E) 5 years

Question 13

An ________ amount of time of 15 to 24 years olds is being spent on leisure activities than on educational activities (Fast et al, 2001).

Question 14

Feminist sociologists are particularly concerned with ________ socialization, as specific sets of processes through which individuals learn to become feminine and masculine according to expectations current in their society.

Question 15

In the 1960s, only about ________ percent of college students rated "being very well off financially" as a very important objective, but by the mid-1980s this figure reached about 75 percent.

Question 16

The process by which life course paths are preference-based is referred to as ________.

Question 17

Socialization refers to:

A) being put under the control of government
B) the state control of medicare
C) the means by which someone is made "fit" to live among other humans
D) mingling with others at social events
E) being forced to behave in a particular way

Question 18

There are disagreements regarding how much free will people are capable of exercising in their dealings with the social structures that lie behind socialization efforts. This issue is more broadly known as the ________ debate.

A) functionalist-socialist
B) deviant-socialist
C) structure-agency
D) capitalism-socialist
E) epigenetic-humanity

Question 19

The concept of ________ refers to the ways in which societies reproduce themselves in terms of privilege and status.

Question 20

________ cultures are characterized by rapid and massive social change.

Question 21

According to Mead's theories, a postfigurative society should be more likely to require:

A) a Canadian parenting style
B) a permissive parenting style
C) an authoritative parenting style
D) an authoritarian parenting style
E) an authorial parenting style

Question 22

The term ________ context refers to social settings that affect socialization processes, thereby influencing the individuals involved.

A) role
B) ratio
C) individualized
D) socialization
E) educational

Question 23

________ takes the position that interactions among individuals are mediated by symbols, in the form of language and gestures.

A) Symbolic interactionism
B) Goal theory
C) Value orientation theory
D) Conflicting opinion theory
E) Reproductive technology

Question 24

What do critics of the current Canadian system of mass education argue?

Question 25

________ socialization can occur when people are not exposed to all experiences necessary to function in certain roles, as when educational systems fail to provide sufficient job training.

A) Nature
B) Nurture
C) Collaborative
D) Inadequate
E) Conjunctive

Question 26

Outline the basic beliefs of the nature/nurture debate.

Question 27

One way to understand how we have come to the point where we accept a society with so many socialization problems is with a model developed by Mead, in her book Culture and Commitment: A Study of the Generation Gap. In it, Mead postulated a theory of intergenerational relations that reflects three stages of commitment between parents and children. The three stages are:

A) dependence, discipline, independence
B) postfigurative, cofigurative, prefigurative
C) belief, transformation, transitional
D) formation, alienation, transitional
E) dependence, independence, interdependence

Question 28

________ socialization occurs when people project themselves into the future in the hope of acquiring the characteristics appropriate to the institutional destination they hope to reach.

A) Anticipatory
B) Affected
C) Disruptive
D) Defensive
E) Objective

Question 29

Conflict theorists focus on the concept of ________, namely, the ways in which societies reproduce themselves in terms of privilege and status

A) symbolic interactionism
B) social interaction
C) cultural socialization
D) social reproduction
E) Mead's theory

Question 30

As of 2006, 48 percent of Canadians between 25 and 64 years of age held either a college diploma or a university degree.

Question 31

George Mead contended that the development of the self takes place in two stages. The two stages are:

A) general stage, significant stage
B) impression stage, model stage
C) ontogenetic stage, genetic stage
D) play stage, game stage
E) phallic stage, latency stage

Question 32

Since the mid-century in Canada, the influence of religion has ________.

A) increased somewhat
B) increased substantially
C) remained about the same
D) decreased
E) decreased along with the decrease in the influence of the education system.

Question 33

Of Mead's three types of society, postfigurative, cofigurative, and prefigurative, which best describes Canadian society? Why?

Question 34

________ is a technique in which "cool" people are hired to encourage friends or strangers to try or buy a product.

A) advertising
B) displacement effect
C) folklore marketing
D) viral marketing
E) spy marketing

Question 35

________ systems are now pervasive socialization contexts influencing the first few decades of life.

A) Statistical
B) Religious
C) Educational
D) Secondary
E) Governmental

Question 36

________, a cultural anthropologist, tackled the issue of the universality of adolescent storm and stress on the remote islands of Samoa. She reported her findings in a book that has been the best selling book in the history of anthropology, Coming of Age in Samoa.

A) Margaret Trudeau
B) Margaret Mead
C) Erikson
D) Benedict
E) Anna Freud

Question 37

The word "teenager" did not come into usage until the late ________, as a term coined by marketers to help them define a market segment to target.

A) 1920s
B) 1930s
C) 1950s
D) 1970s

Question 38

________ tend to view socialization as a necessary and benign process inherent in all groups and societies. From this perspective, socialization performs several vital functions that maintain the structure of groups and societies, particularly from one generation to the next.

A) Sociobiologists
B) Evolutionists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Functionalists
E) Cognitive theorists

Question 39

________ socialization occurs when unintended outcomes or consequences arise.

A) Reverse
B) Defective
C) Disjunctive
D) Disruptive
E) Conjunctive

Question 40

Using examples show how the functionalist approach to socialization differs from the feminist one.

Question 41

Social reproduction refers to the ways in which societies reproduce themselves in terms of privilege and status.

Question 42

In cofigurative cultures, the intergenerational linkage becomes tenuous because of social change brought by technological advancement, economic transformation, immigration, war and so forth.

Question 43

Describe feminist sociologists' views of and concerns about socialization.

Question 44

Inadequate socialization can occur when people are not exposed to all experiences necessary to function in certain roles, as when educational systems fail to provide sufficient job training.

Question 45

The eugenics movement sought to perfect the human gene pool, which in turn would eliminate such aspects of human behaviour as crime and poverty.

Question 46

Conjunctive socialization occurs when unintended outcomes or consequences arise.

Question 47

According to Bettelheim, most reports of feral children are likely of autistic children who have been abandoned by their parents.

Question 48

Feminist sociologists are particularly concerned with gender socialization, as specific sets of processes through which individuals learn to become feminine and masculine according to expectations current in their society.

Question 49

Religious systems are now pervasive socialization contexts influencing the first decades of life.

Question 50

Cultural relativity refers to the fact that many values and norms are consistent across different cultures.

Question 51

When socialization processes are most effective, the enticements for conformity involve the learning of skills, roles, norms, and so forth.

Question 52

Functionalists view socialization as benign whereas cultural anthropologists see socialization as inherently coercive.

Question 53

Postfigurative cultures are characterized by rapid and massive social change.

Question 54

In prefigurative culture, the relations between parents and their offspring are governed by traditional norms beyond questioning by either parent or child.