Question 1

Which of the following frequently causes decubitus ulcers?&#10;A) Infection by resident flora&#10;B) Ischemia at pressure points&#10;C) Normal degenerative changes&#10;D) Allergic reaction to adhesive tape or dressings

Accepted Answer

Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure sores or bedsores, are primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, which leads to ischemia (restricted blood flow) at pressure points, resulting in tissue damage.

Question 2

Which of the following is/are common effect(s) of prolonged immobility in children?&#10;A) Delayed linear growth&#10;B) Contractures and deformities involving the hips, spine, legs, and feet&#10;C) Skeletal muscle weakness&#10;D) A, B, and C

Accepted Answer

Prolonged immobility in children can lead to delayed linear growth due to lack of physical activity and stress on bones, contractures and deformities due to muscle shortening and joint stiffness, and skeletal muscle weakness due to disuse atrophy.

Question 3

Paralysis of the lower part of the body is called:&#10;A) hemiplegia.&#10;B) paraplegia.&#10;C) quadriplegia.&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower part of the body, typically caused by damage to the spinal cord.

Question 4

The major problem associated with immobility and the gastrointestinal tract is:&#10;A) constipation.&#10;B) diarrhea.&#10;C) nausea.&#10;D) increased rate of peristalsis.

Accepted Answer

Immobility often leads to decreased peristalsis and slower movement of the digestive tract, which can result in constipation.

Question 5

Immobility may lead to dehydration primarily as a result of:&#10;A) changes in hormonal secretions due to increased blood in the thorax.&#10;B) destruction of the kidneys as a result of ischemia and necrosis.&#10;C) blockage of the ureters, causing retention of urine.&#10;D) toxins being produced by infectious microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Immobility can cause increased blood pooling in the thorax, which can alter hormonal secretions, such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased urine output and potential dehydration.

Question 6

Lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity for a prolonged period leads to:&#10;A) bone demineralization.&#10;B) lengthening of tendons and ligaments.&#10;C) decreased skeletal muscle mass.&#10;D) A and C

Accepted Answer

Prolonged lack of weight-bearing and skeletal muscle activity can lead to bone demineralization due to reduced mechanical stress on bones, and decreased skeletal muscle mass due to muscle atrophy from inactivity.

Question 7

Prolonged immobility may predispose to ___________ in the kidneys.&#10;A) urinary stasis&#10;B) renal calculi&#10;C) infection&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Prolonged immobility can lead to urinary stasis, which increases the risk of renal calculi (kidney stones) and infections due to the accumulation of urine and potential bacterial growth.

Question 8

What is a major factor predisposing to pulmonary infection in immobilized patients? A) Decreased activity and demand for oxygen B) Increased retention of CO₂ C) Inability to sneeze forcefully D) Stasis of secretions in the lungs

Accepted Answer

Stasis of secretions in the lungs is a major factor predisposing immobilized patients to pulmonary infections, as it can lead to bacterial growth and infection.

Question 9

Inactive muscle quickly loses strength as it becomes _____________.&#10;A) less elastic.&#10;B) atrophied.&#10;C) contracted.&#10;D) spastic.

Accepted Answer

Inactive muscle loses strength due to atrophy, which is the wasting away or reduction in size of muscle tissue.

Question 10

What do prolonged periods of immobility frequently lead to?
1) Orthostatic hypotension
2) Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate
3) Increased risk of both thrombi and emboli
4) Rapid, deep respirations

A)1, 2
B)1, 3
C)2, 4
D)3, 4

Accepted Answer

Prolonged immobility can lead to orthostatic hypotension due to decreased venous return and blood pooling in the lower extremities. It also increases the risk of thrombi and emboli due to reduced blood flow and potential clot formation.

Question 11

Bladder infections are more likely to develop in immobilized patients because of:&#10;A) stasis of urine in the urinary system.&#10;B) development of hypocalcemia with immobility.&#10;C) fluid overload in the system.&#10;D) lack of neurological control of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bladder infections are more likely to develop...

Question 12

Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period of bed rest because of:&#10;A) reduced removal of pulmonary secretions.&#10;B) increased expansion of the lower lobes of the lungs.&#10;C) increased risk of aspiration in a sitting position.&#10;D) loss of cough reflex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Atelectasis may occur with a prolonged period...

Question 13

Which of the following is likely to develop when a leg is immobilized in a cast?&#10;A) Contracture&#10;B) Muscle hypertrophy&#10;C) Muscle atrophy&#10;D) Increased osteoblastic activity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is likely to...

Question 14

Virchow's triad refers to:&#10;A) an anatomical structure in the kidneys.&#10;B) a combination of factors affecting potential thrombus formation.&#10;C) factors that predispose an individual toward urinary tract infections.&#10;D) psychological factors leading to stress associated with immobility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Virchow's triad refers to:&#10;A) an anatomical structure...

Question 15

Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic hypotension associated with prolonged immobility?&#10;A) Sudden changes in body position from supine to upright may cause low blood pressure.&#10;B) Venous return and cardiac output are decreased with immobility.&#10;C) All cardiovascular reflexes are lost with prolonged immobility.&#10;D) A and B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following applies/apply to orthostatic...

Deck 25: Immobility and Associated Problems