Deck 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology

Question 1

Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:

A) cell proteins have been denatured.
B) cell are liquefied by enzymes.
C) dead cells form a thick cheesy substance.
D) bacterial invasion has occurred.

Answer 1

dead cells form a thick cheesy substance.

Question 2

Etiology is defined as the study of the:

A) causes of a disease.
B) course of a disease.
C) expected complications of a disease.
D) manifestations of a disease.

Answer 2

causes of a disease.

Question 3

The best definition of the term prognosis is the:

A) precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
B) number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
C) predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
D) exacerbations occurring during chronic illness.

Answer 3

predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.

Question 4

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?

A) An inherited disorder
B) A combination of specific etiological factors
C) An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment

Question 5

A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:

A) latent stage.
B) predisposing factor.
C) incidence.
D) precipitating factor.

Question 6

The term cancer refers to:

A) dysplasia.
B) hyperplasia.
C) metaplasia.
D) malignant neoplasm.

Question 7

The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

A) subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
B) signs and symptoms of a disease.
C) factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
D) early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.

Question 8

Pathophysiology involves the study of:

A) the structure of the human body.
B) the functions of various organs in the body.
C) functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes.
D) various cell structures and related functions.

Question 9

When a group of cells in the body dies, the change is called:

A) ischemia.
B) gangrene.
C) hypoxia.
D) necrosis.

Question 10

A type of cellular adaptation in which there is a decrease in cell size is referred to as:

A) hypertrophy.
B) metaplasia.
C) anaplasia.
D) atrophy.

Question 11

The term homeostasis refers to:

A) the causative factors in a particular disease.
B) maintenance of a stable internal environment.
C) a condition that triggers an acute episode.
D) a collection of signs and symptoms.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Alteration of DNA does not change cell function.
B) Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
C) All types of cells die at the same rate.
D) Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?

A) Swelling of the knee
B) Fever
C) Pain in the neck
D) Red rash on the face

Question 14

A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems is called:

A) apoptosis.
B) ischemia.
C) hypertrophy.
D) necrosis.

Question 15

Rigorous weight lifting/body building regimens may result in the skeletal muscle cells undergoing:

A) hypertrophy.
B) dysplasia.
C) atrophy.
D) regeneration.

Question 16

To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

A) Increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
B) Ischemic damage to cells
C) Liquefaction of necrotic tissue
D) Preprogrammed cell self-destruction

Question 17

Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease has been established?

A) Symptoms
B) Occurrence
C) Manifestations
D) Complication

Question 18

Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

A) an iatrogenic cause of cancer.
B) a preventive measure.
C) a precipitating factor.
D) a predisposing condition.

Question 19

A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called:

A) metaplasia.
B) atrophy.
C) dysplasia.
D) hypertrophy.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?

A) The science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
B) The relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
C) Identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms
D) The global search for emerging diseases

Question 21

The term disease refers to:

A) the period of recovery and return to a normal healthy state.
B) a deviation from the normal state of health and function.
C) the treatment measures used to promote recovery.
D) a basic collection of signs and symptoms.

Question 22

During the evaluation process for a new therapy's effectiveness and safety, a double blind study may be conducted during:

A) the first stage.
B) the second stage.
C) the third stage.
D) any of these stages.

Question 23

The term prognosis refers to the:

A) period of recovery and return to a normal state.
B) expected outcome of the disease.
C) mortality and morbidity rates for a given population.
D) typical collection of signs and symptoms.

Question 24

A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:

A) acute.
B) latent.
C) chronic.
D) manifestation.

Question 25

Which of the following can cause cell injury or death?
1) Hypoxia
2) Exposure to excessive cold
3) Excessive pressure on a tissue
4) Chemical toxins

A)1, 2
B)2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 26

Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as:

A) abnormal metabolic processes.
B) certain food additives.
C) genetic defects.
D) localized hypoxia.

Question 27

Why are the predisposing factors for a specific disease important to health professionals?

A) To predict the prognosis
B) To determine treatments
C) To develop preventive measures
D) To develop morbidity statistics

Question 28

When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:

A) atrophy.
B) liquefactive necrosis.
C) apoptosis.
D) infarction.

Question 29

A situation when there is a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given area is called a/an:

A) epidemic.
B) exacerbation.
C) morbidity.
D) pandemic.

Question 30

All of the following statements are correct about cell damage EXCEPT:

A) The initial stage of cell damage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions.
B) If the factor causing the damage is removed quickly, the cell may be able to recover and return to its normal state.
C) If the noxious factor remains for an extended period of time, the damage becomes irreversible and the cell dies.
D) Initially, cell damage does not change cell metabolism, structure, or function.

Question 31

Which of the following is usually included in a medical history?
1) Past illnesses or surgeries
2) Current illnesses, acute and chronic
3) Prescribed medication or other treatments
4) Nonprescription drugs and herbal remedies
5) Current allergies

A)1, 3
B)2, 4, 5
C)1, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 32

The term pathogenesis refers to:

A) the development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue changes involved in the disease process.
B) the determination of the cause(s) involved in the development of a malignant neoplasm.
C) the specific signs and symptoms involved in the change from an acute disease to a chronic disease.
D) the changes in cells of affected tissue that result in necrosis.

Question 33

Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?

A) Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving the experimental therapy.
B) Both groups of research subjects and the person administering the treatment know who is receiving the experimental therapy.
C) The research subjects do not know, but the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving placebo or standard therapy.
D) Only members of the control group know they are receiving standard therapy.

Question 34

If the data collected from the research process confirm that the new treatment has increased effectiveness and is safe, this is called:

A) the placebo effect.
B) evidence-based research.
C) blind research studies.
D) approval for immediate distribution.

Question 35

All of the following are part of the Seven Steps to Health EXCEPT:

A) follow cancer screening guidelines.
B) use sun block agents whenever exposed.
C) participate in strenuous exercise on a regular daily basis.
D) choose high fiber, lower fat foods.

Question 36

A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ or system, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition is referred to as a (an):

A) acute disease.
B) multiorgan disorder.
C) syndrome.
D) manifestation.