Deck 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

What is a sign indicating a newborn infant may have pyloric stenosis?

A) Diarrhea
B) Bile regurgitation
C) Olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen
D) Ascites with a fluid wave visible across the abdomen

Answer 1

Olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen

Question 2

Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?

A) Enlarged placentas
B) Excessive amniotic fluid
C) Short umbilical cords
D) Foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Answer 2

Excessive amniotic fluid

Question 3

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distension and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal portal venous gas and an intestinal perforation. This condition is referred to as:

A) infective enteropathy.
B) necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
C) mucoviscidosis.
D) ileus.

Answer 3

necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Question 4

Meconium ileus (MI) is associated with which of the following disorders?

A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Esophagitis

Question 5

Enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung's disease is related to which neonatal finding?

A) Fecal impaction
B) Pancreatic insufficiency
C) Hyperactive peristalsis
D) Ileal atresia

Question 6

A 2-week-old infant vomits forcefully immediately after feeding for no apparent reason and is frequently constipated. These signs support which diagnosis?

A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Meconium ileus
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Galactosemia

Question 7

Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is highest in which pediatric population?

A) Premature infants
B) Infants with Down syndrome
C) Children with cystic fibrosis
D) Children with esophageal atresia

Question 8

What term is used to document the condition that exists when the esophagus ends in a blind pouch?

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Tracheoesophageal stenosis
C) Esophagitis
D) Pyloric stenosis

Question 9

Celiac disease, or sprue, is caused by alterations of the intestinal:

A) glands.
B) villi.
C) smooth muscle wall.
D) sphincters.

Question 10

What is the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum observed in children?

A) Constipation
B) Vomiting
C) Rectal bleeding
D) Ascites

Question 11

A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve. Which term is used to describe this type of obstruction?

A) Prolapse
B) Pyloric stenosis
C) Intussusception
D) Imperforation

Question 12

A 2-month-old female is brought to the emergency room (ER) for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals gas bubbles in the intestines. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A) Malrotation
B) Ileocecal displacement
C) Pyloric stenosis
D) Meconium ileus

Question 13

The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows incomplete fusion of the nasomedial process. What is this defect commonly called?

A) Cleft lip
B) Nasal passage atresia
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Lack of dentition

Question 14

Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:

A) fat-soluble vitamins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) protein.
D) calcium and magnesium.

Question 15

Marasmus is most common in children of which age group?

A) Younger than 1 year
B) 1 to 2 years
C) 5 to 6 years
D) 12 to 15 years

Question 16

An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?

A) Insufficient bile production
B) Gastric atrophy
C) Hypersecretion of stomach acid
D) Nutrient malabsorption

Question 17

An 8-week-old is diagnosed with a congenital heart disease and Down syndrome. The infant is at risk for the development of which gastrointestinal disorder?

A) Intussusception
B) Imperforate anus
C) Meckel diverticulum
D) Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 18

When a newborn has a lack of bilirubin uptake by the liver, what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?

A) Biliary hypertrophy
B) Physiological jaundice
C) Hepatitis A
D) Infantile cirrhosis

Question 19

A 2-month-old is diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease with the resulting development of a megacolon. What is the cause of Hirschsprung's disease?

A) Absence of intrinsic ganglion cells resulting in impaired peristalsis
B) The use of cow's milk instead of formula
C) Excessive use of glycerin suppositories to promote bowel elimination
D) Additional ganglion cells throughout the length of the colon

Question 20

Why is prolonged diarrhea more serious in children than adults?

A) Children have lower adipose reserves.
B) Fluid reserves are lower in children.
C) Children have a lower metabolic rate.
D) Children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.

Question 21

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish-yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Galactosemia
B) Fructosemia
C) Wilson's disease
D) Cirrhosis

Question 22

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?

A) Anemia
B) Jaundice
C) Hypobilirubinemia
D) Ascites

Question 23

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-coloured stool, and an enlarged liver. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. This condition is referred to as _____ atresia.

A) hepatic
B) portal
C) sinusoidal
D) biliary

Question 24

Why is early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders important?

A) Permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented.
B) Surgery is usually necessary.
C) Cure rates are higher with early detection.
D) Death usually occurs within the first month.

Question 25

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? (Select all that apply.)

A) Esophagitis
B) Barrett esophagus (BE)
C) Cough
D) Recurrent otitis media (OM)
E) Bloody vomitus

Question 26

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending daycare centres and can be attributed to poor handwashing.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 27

A newborn is diagnosed with biliary atresia. What is the long-term treatment for this disorder?

A) Immunoglobulins
B) Liver transplant
C) Bone marrow transplant
D) Dietary modifications

Question 28

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?

A) Sinusoids
B) Bile ducts
C) Hepatic portal vein
D) Hepatic artery