Deck 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Question 1

A 2-year-old presents with fever and cough and is diagnosed with pneumonia. While planning treatment for this patient, the nurse recognizes which of the following as the most likely cause?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations

Answer 1

Viruses

Question 2

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack?

A) Headache
B) Chest pain
C) Wheezing
D) Low heart rate

Answer 2

Wheezing

Question 3

A 7-month-old presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing confirms the diagnosis. Which of the following is characteristic of CF?

A) Autoantibodies that target the lungs and pancreas
B) Thick mucous production
C) Enzymes that degrade surfactant in the alveoli
D) A toxic amount of electrolytes from secretory glands

Answer 3

Thick mucous production

Question 4

To help confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 1-year-old child which substance will be monitored for in the child's sweat?

A) Potassium
B) Chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Carbonic acid

Question 5

A 5-year-old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Acute epiglottitis is suspected. When assessing the child, the nurse would avoid:

A) trying to keep the child calm.
B) examining the throat for redness.
C) auscultating the child's respiratory rate.
D) counting the heart rate apically.

Question 6

A 10-year-old is diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. When the parents ask, the nurse shares that the initial treatment will be:

A) tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A).
B) weight loss.
C) continuous positive airway pressure.
D) drug therapy.

Question 7

A 9-year-old contracted influenza. Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Emphysema
D) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Question 8

Which pathology is characteristic of asthma?

A) Increased lung volumes
B) Expiratory wheezing
C) Air trapping
D) Dead space

Question 9

An infant was born 10 weeks premature and requires mechanical ventilation. Two months later the infant presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?

A) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 10

A newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome is monitored for atelectasis because of:

A) a lack of surfactant.
B) pulmonary edema.
C) airway obstruction.
D) pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 11

A 2-week-old female presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, and empyema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Viral pneumonia
B) Pneumococcal pneumonia
C) Staphylococcal pneumonia
D) Mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 12

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an _____ disease.

A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) X-linked dominant

Question 13

A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient's history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?

A) Low birth weight
B) Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
C) Premature birth
D) Smoking by the mother during pregnancy

Question 14

What does a cardiovascular alteration seen in a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome include?

A) Left-to-right shunt
B) Left ventricular dilation
C) Pulmonary hypotension
D) Opening of fetal shunt pathways

Question 15

What is the most likely cause of croup?

A) Bacteria
B) Acute hyperventilation
C) Allergy
D) Viral infection

Question 16

After nearly drowning, a 2-year-old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?

A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased lung compliance
C) Increased surfactant production
D) Hypoxemia

Question 17

A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs:

A) within minutes of birth.
B) 2 to 3 hours after birth.
C) within the first 12 to 24 hours after birth.
D) 24 to 48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism.

Question 18

During a respiratory assessment of an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome, a depression in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration. How is this observation documented?

A) Grunting
B) Tachypnea
C) Retractions
D) Nasal flaring

Question 19

An 11-year-old presents with a low-grade fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

A) Pneumococcal pneumonia
B) Viral pneumonia
C) Mycoplasma pneumonia
D) Streptococcal pneumonia

Question 20

A 6-month-old presents with rhinorrhea, cough, poor feeding, lethargy, and fever and is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?

A) Parainfluenza virus
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B
C) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D) Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 21

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be present when the nurse performs an assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) Barking cough
B) Stridor
C) Hoarseness
D) Drooling
E) Truncal rash

Question 22

To prevent sudden unexpected infant death syndrome, what should the nurse instruct the parents to do?

A) Place infants on a soft mattress for sleeping
B) Always lay infants down on their backs to sleep
C) Breast-feed their infants
D) Keep the infant's room very warm

Question 23

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) syndrome peaks between _____ and ____ months of age.

A) 1; 2
B) 2; 4
C) 6; 8
D) 10; 12

Question 24

Asthma affects ____% of children aged 12 and older.

Question 25

A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation. The nurse monitors the patient closely for which potentially fatal complication of CF?

A) Airway rigidity
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Respiratory failure
D) Asthma-like bronchospasms

Question 26

The coroner ruled sudden unexpected infant death syndrome (SUID) as the cause of death of a 5-month-old-female. Which risk factor is most likely associated with SUID?

A) Congenital heart disease
B) Female gender
C) White race
D) Frequent respiratory infections