Deck 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

As a result of blockage in the pulmonary artery, blood would first back up into the:

A) aorta.
B) left ventricle.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.

Answer 1

right ventricle.

Question 2

What term represents the period during electrical activity of the heart when no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

A) The absolute refractory period
B) Hyperpolarization
C) The resting phase
D) The cardiac threshold

Answer 2

The absolute refractory period

Question 3

What represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarization?

A) PR interval
B) QRS complex
C) QT interval
D) P wave

Answer 3

QRS complex

Question 4

A 50-year-old received trauma to the chest that caused severe impairment of the primary pacemaker cells of the heart. Which of the following areas received the greatest damage?

A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Bundle of His
D) Ventricles

Question 5

What does the PR interval viewed on a normal electrocardiogram represent?

A) Atrial depolarization
B) Ventricular depolarization
C) The onset of atrial activation to onset of ventricular activity
D) The "electrical systole" of the ventricles

Question 6

Why does depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occur?

A) There is a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions.
B) A rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane occurs.
C) A blockade by calcium ions takes place.
D) There is a stimuli instigated during the refractory period.

Question 7

What is a function of the pericardium?

A) It provides a barrier against extracardial infections.
B) It serves to improve blood flow through the heart.
C) It plays a role in cardiac conduction.
D) It assists in cardiac contraction.

Question 8

A 20-year-old underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in the papillary muscles. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A) Closure of the semilunar valve
B) Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves
C) Closure of the atrioventricular valve
D) Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves

Question 9

Which structure would not receive an electrical impulse when the patient is experiencing a left bundle branch block?

A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Bundle of His
D) The left ventricle

Question 10

What is the pericardium?

A) The outer muscular layer of the heart
B) The innermost layer of the heart chambers
C) A membranous sac that encloses the heart
D) The heart's fibrous skeleton

Question 11

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

A) Bachmann bundle
B) Bundle of His
C) Sinoatrial node
D) Atrioventricular node

Question 12

Where are the coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) found?

A) The left ventricle
B) The inferior vena cava
C) The coronary sinus
D) The aorta

Question 13

A 28-year-old with seizure disorder has a vagus nerve stimulator implanted to help control seizure activity. Which result will the nurse expect to occur?

A) Increased speed of cardiac cycle
B) Increased cardiac contractility
C) Decreased vasodilation
D) Decreased cardiac conduction

Question 14

A 13-year-old took a weight loss drug that activated the sympathetic nervous system. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect?

A) Decreased myocardial contraction
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Increased cardiac conduction
D) Increased intranodal conduction time

Question 15

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because it:

A) has a superior location in the right atrium.
B) is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization.
C) has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve.
D) depolarizes between -50 and -60 mV, rather than between -60 and-70 mV.

Question 16

What vessel(s) carry oxygenated blood?

A) The superior vena cava
B) Pulmonary veins
C) Pulmonary arteries
D) The cardiac veins

Question 17

Which structures act as anchors for the atrioventricular valves?

A) Chordae tendineae
B) Great vessels
C) Coronary ostia
D) Trabeculae carneae

Question 18

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

A) Tunica adventitia
B) Connective
C) Mesothelium
D) Endothelium

Question 19

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

A) Right atrium
B) Left atrium
C) Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle

Question 20

What is the nurse monitoring when observing the QRS complex on the electrocardiogram?

A) Ventricular activity
B) Pulmonary artery closure
C) Mitral valve opening
D) Aortic valve closing

Question 21

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma that allow impulses to move rapidly between myocardial cells?

A) Myosins
B) Intercalated disks
C) Troponin Ts
D) I bands

Question 22

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

A) a change in heart rate
B) decreased blood pressure
C) increased rate and depth of respirations
D) decreased myocardial contractility

Question 23

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

A) decrease the refractory period.
B) increase calcium influx.
C) increase the strength of myocardial contraction.
D) decrease the heart rate.

Question 24

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is the cardiologist measuring?

A) Vascular resistance
B) Preload
C) Cardiac output
D) Ejection fraction

Question 25

Blood flow is affected by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Blood viscosity
B) Blood vessel diameter
C) Blood pressure
D) Blood vessel length
E) Blood antibodies

Question 26

What is the molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

A) Troponin C
B) Troponin I
C) Troponin T
D) Troponin M

Question 27

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole. Which term is the nurse describing?

A) Preload
B) Afterload
C) Systemic vascular resistance
D) Total peripheral resistance

Question 28

What term describes the ability of an organ to adjust arteriole diameter to regulate its own blood flow?

A) Venous regulation
B) Somatic regulation
C) Autoregulation
D) Metabolic regulation

Question 29

Where is the primary cardiovascular control centre located?

A) In the cerebral cortex
B) The thalamus
C) The medulla
D) The hypothalamus

Question 30

Where are baroreceptors located?

A) The renal arteries
B) The superior vena cava
C) The aortic arch
D) In the circle of Willis

Question 31

A 50-year-old was prescribed a medication that acts as a negative inotrope. Which endogenous substances would be most similar?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Epinephrine
D) Thyroid hormone

Question 32

What is the process by which an action potential in a myocardial cell triggers the contraction of the cell?

A) Electrocontraction
B) Intercalated communication
C) Excitation-contraction coupling
D) Myosin communication

Question 33

As stated by Starling's law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

A) pressure; duration
B) volume; force
C) viscosity; force
D) viscosity; duration

Question 34

Within a normal physiological range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

A) an increased force of contraction.
B) a decrease in cardiac output.
C) an increase in heart rate.
D) heart failure.

Question 35

What area of the sarcomere decreases when muscle contraction occurs?

A) The distance between Z lines
B) A band length
C) Z line length
D) I band distance

Question 36

What is one difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

A) Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in branching networks.
B) Skeletal muscle cells have only one nucleus.
C) Only cardiac muscle cells appear striped.
D) Only skeletal muscle cells contain sarcomeres.

Question 37

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume. Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

A) Preload
B) Peripheral vascular resistance
C) Afterload
D) Ejection fraction
E) Contractility

Question 38

Where does the thoracic lymphatic duct drain?

A) Left subclavian artery
B) Right atrium
C) Right subclavian vein
D) Left subclavian vein