Deck 17: Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Question 1

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit. Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?

A) Stepping
B) Sucking
C) Landau
D) Palmar grasp

Answer 1

Landau

Question 2

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labour. Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Congenital hydrocephalus
B) Microcephaly
C) Dandy-Walker deformity
D) Macewen sign

Answer 2

Dandy-Walker deformity

Question 3

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement. Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Answer 3

Dystonic

Question 4

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumours?

A) Morning
B) Early afternoon
C) As the sun goes down and darkness begins
D) During the middle of the night

Question 5

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure. What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?

A) Anencephaly
B) Myelodysplasia
C) Holoprosencephaly
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 6

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

A) Encephalocele
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Craniosynostosis

Question 7

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?

A) Viral infection
B) An autosomal recessive gene
C) Fetal trauma
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 8

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid

Question 9

Which term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

A) Craniostenosis (craniosynostosis)
B) Congential hydrocephalus
C) Microcephaly
D) Acrania

Question 10

Parents of a 3-month-old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity. Both parents are of Jewish ancestry. For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

A) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
B) Congenital encephalopathy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) PKU

Question 11

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Question 12

Which one of the following neural tube disorders is a result of an anterior midline defect?

A) Spina bifida
B) Cyclopia
C) Meningocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Question 13

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

A) Stepping
B) Rooting
C) Palmar grasp
D) Moro reflex

Question 14

Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Meningocele
C) Encephalocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Question 15

A 3-year-old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. What should the nurse expect to find on the laboratory report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) S. pneumonia
D) Escherichia coli

Question 16

What is true about viral meningitis?

A) It is always sudden in onset.
B) It often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes.
C) It is effectively treated with antibiotics.
D) It causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Question 17

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis. Which is the most likely micro-organism the nurse will find on the laboratory report?

A) Virus
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Neisseria meningitidis

Question 18

What disease involves the inability for the body to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine?

A) Epilepsy
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Pica
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 19

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

A) Spinal cord
B) Limb bones
C) Head
D) Vertebral column

Question 20

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus. What is a feature of this condition?

A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production
C) Increased resorption of CSF
D) Smaller than average head circumference

Question 21

Where is a neuroblastoma most commonly found?

A) In the retroperitoneal region
B) In the mediastinum
C) In the cervical ganglion
D) In the lung

Question 22

A 10-year-old presents with headache and seizures. CT scan reveals a tumour that is located near the pituitary gland. Which of the following is the most likely tumour type?

A) Astrocytoma
B) Craniopharyngioma
C) Ependymoma
D) Medulloblastoma

Question 23

Assessment signs of neuroblastoma include: (Select all that apply.)

A) weight loss.
B) irritability.
C) fatigue.
D) fever.
E) constipation.

Question 24

What is the most common brain tumour in children?

A) Neuroblastoma
B) Astrocytoma
C) Meningioma
D) Germ cell

Question 25

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida. This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply.)

A) Type II Chiari malformation
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Meningocele
D) Acrania
E) Craniosynostosis

Question 26

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

Question 27

What is the most common location of brain tumours in children?

A) Above the cerebellum
B) In the posterior fossa
C) In the anterior cerebrum
D) In the ventricular lining