Question 1

A 65-year-old patient recently diagnosed with cancer retired from construction work, where he spent many years installing installation. Which cancer is likely to develop secondarily to occupational hazards?

A) Mesothelioma
B) Bladder cancer
C) Prostate cancer
D) Bone cancer

Mesothelioma

Accepted Answer

The patient likely has a history of asbestos exposure from installing insulation, which is a known risk factor for developing mesothelioma, a type of cancer affecting the lining of the lungs.

Question 2

When an oncologist is discussing the degree to which an organism's development is contingent on its environment, which of the following is the oncologist explaining?&#10;A) Transgenerational inheritance&#10;B) Epigenetics&#10;C) Histone modification&#10;D) Developmental plasticity

Accepted Answer

Developmental plasticity refers to an organism's ability to adjust its development in response to environmental cues. This concept is often discussed in the context of epigenetics, which involves modifications to the expression of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Histone modification is a specific type of epigenetic change, but it is not as broad of a concept as developmental plasticity. Transgenerational inheritance refers to the transmission of traits from one generation to the next through mechanisms other than DNA sequence, such as epigenetic changes or maternal effects.

Question 3

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for melanoma?&#10;A) Those with a dark complexion&#10;B) Young children with pale skin&#10;C) Those using sunblock&#10;D) People with light complexion, light eyes, fair hair

Accepted Answer

People with light complexion, light eyes, and fair hair have less melanin, which provides some protection against UV radiation, making them more susceptible to melanoma.

Question 4

A patient develops skin cancer on the head and neck following years of working outside on a farm. Which of the following cancers is most likely?&#10;A) Lymphoma&#10;B) Adenoma&#10;C) Basal cell carcinoma&#10;D) Leukemia

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer associated with prolonged sun exposure, especially on sun-exposed areas like the head and neck.

Question 5

When an oncologist is teaching about how radiation induces genomic instability, which topic should the oncologist discuss?&#10;A) Increasing hypersensitivity&#10;B) Facilitating new mutations&#10;C) DNA enhancement&#10;D) Mitotic instability

Accepted Answer

Radiation can cause DNA damage, leading to mutations. These mutations can accumulate and result in genomic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer development.

Question 6

Which term describes chromosome aberrations and mutations in cells that did not receive radiation, but were close to irradiated cells?&#10;A) Bystander effects&#10;B) Lethal mutation&#10;C) Delayed reproductive death&#10;D) Genetic instability

Accepted Answer

Bystander effects refer to the phenomenon where cells that were not directly exposed to radiation exhibit changes due to signals received from nearby irradiated cells.

Question 7

A female is diagnosed with cervical cancer. Which infectious agent most likely predisposed her to the condition?&#10;A) HPV-16&#10;B) Alcohol&#10;C) Asbestos&#10;D) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Accepted Answer

HPV-16 is a high-risk human papillomavirus type that is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer.

Question 8

What is the role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer?&#10;A) It increases fluid loss, leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon.&#10;B) It increases blood supply, thereby increasing oxygen to the colon.&#10;C) It increases gut motility, thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.&#10;D) It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid, thereby killing carcinogenic substances.

Accepted Answer

Physical activity increases gut motility, which reduces the time the bowel is exposed to potential mutagens, thereby helping in the prevention of colon cancer.

Question 9

A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond?&#10;A) Dust mites in homes are carcinogenic.&#10;B) Radon is trapped in closed spaces and is carcinogenic to humans.&#10;C) Benzene is a common indoor pollutant that's highly carcinogenic.&#10;D) Indoor chlorine exposure is dangerous.

Accepted Answer

Radon is a radioactive gas that can accumulate in enclosed spaces like homes, and prolonged exposure to high levels of radon is known to increase the risk of lung cancer.

Question 10

A water test recently revealed arsenic levels above 200 mcg/L. Which of the following cancers would be most likely to develop in those who consistently drank the water?&#10;A) Liver&#10;B) Skin&#10;C) Colon&#10;D) Kidney

Accepted Answer

Arsenic exposure is strongly linked with an increased risk of skin cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Question 11

A nurse recalls that physical activity was shown to definitely reduce the risk of which of the following types of cancer?&#10;A) Prostate&#10;B) Lung&#10;C) Bone&#10;D) Colon

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse recalls that physical activity was...

Question 12

What is the most important environmental risk factor for cancer?&#10;A) Ultraviolet (UV) radiation&#10;B) Radon&#10;C) Estrogen&#10;D) Cigarette smoke

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most important environmental risk...

Deck 11: Cancer Epidemiology