Question 1

What is the most common type of tissue cancer occurring between ages 15 and 19?&#10;A) Sarcoma&#10;B) Squamous cell&#10;C) Carcinoma&#10;D) Neuroma

Accepted Answer

Carcinoma

Question 2

What event occurs in more than 70% of the cases of childhood cancers?&#10;A) The cancer is cured.&#10;B) The child only requires chemotherapy.&#10;C) The participation rate in clinical trails.&#10;D) The child will develop a secondary malignancy.

Accepted Answer

With advances in treatment, more than 70% of childhood cancers are cured.

Question 3

A 40-year-old female developed adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Which prenatal event is the most likely cause of her cancer?&#10;A) Rb gene mutation&#10;B) Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)&#10;C) Exposure to solvents&#10;D) Exposure to radiation

Accepted Answer

Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) during prenatal development has been linked to an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the vagina in females.

Question 4

What condition are children diagnosed with Down syndrome at higher risk for developing?&#10;A) Nephroblastoma&#10;B) Rhabdomyosarcoma&#10;C) Leukemia&#10;D) Retinoblastoma

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), compared to the general population.

Question 5

A 3-year-old female was diagnosed with Wilms tumour. Where is this tumour located?&#10;A) In the kidney&#10;B) In the brain&#10;C) In bone marrow&#10;D) In the liver

Accepted Answer

Wilms tumour, also known as nephroblastoma, is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children.

Question 6

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment.&#10;B) Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence.&#10;C) Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures.&#10;D) Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.&#10;E) Carcinomas are mesodermal.

Accepted Answer

Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence, and they are due to environmental exposures. Carcinomas can develop in childhood, but they are relatively rare due to the fact that the required environmental exposures have not had enough time to occur. Options A, D, and E are incorrect. Carcinomas can develop in an immunosuppressed environment, they are not specific to secondary sexual organs, and they are derived from epithelial tissue (not mesodermal tissue).

Question 7

A nurse is preparing to teach the most common malignancy in children. Which malignancy should the nurse discuss?&#10;A) Leukemia&#10;B) Neuroblastoma&#10;C) Wilms tumour&#10;D) Retinoblastoma

Accepted Answer

Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children, accounting for about 30% of all childhood cancers.

Question 8

Which characterizes an embryonic cancer tumour?&#10;A) It is commonly occurring.&#10;B) It is often seen in adults.&#10;C) It is composed of mature, differentiated cells.&#10;D) It is usually diagnosed by age 5.

Accepted Answer

Embryonic cancer tumors are typically diagnosed in young children, often by age 5, as they originate from embryonic tissue.

Question 9

What is the origin of most childhood cancers?&#10;A) Placenta&#10;B) Environment&#10;C) Mesodermal germ layer&#10;D) Neural tube

Accepted Answer

Most childhood cancers originate from cells of the mesodermal germ layer, which includes cells that make up bone, muscle, and connective tissue. Examples of childhood cancers that arise from this layer include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle cancer).

Question 10

A 16-year-old with aspirations of becoming a bodybuilder spends 3 hours a day in the gym and does everything possible in an attempt to build muscle mass. Five years later, a hepatocellular carcinoma is discovered. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the cancer?

A) Immunosuppressive agents
B) Cytotoxic agents
C) Anabolic steroids
D) A viral infection

Accepted Answer

Anabolic steroids are often used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and can increase the risk of developing liver cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.

Deck 12: Cancer in Children and Adolescents