Deck 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

The nurse also teaches about collectins. What does she say?

A) Collectins are produced in the kidneys.
B) Collectins are glycoproteins found in the bowel.
C) Collectins are produced and secreted by the lungs.
D) Collectins are a component of the integument.

Answer 1

Collectins are produced and secreted by the lungs.

Question 2

Which following term describes the directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient?

A) Chemotaxis
B) Endocytosis
C) Margination
D) Diapedesis

Answer 2

Chemotaxis

Question 3

How does a mast cell initiate the process of inflammation? A nurse recalls that the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

A) through the process of chemotaxis
B) by endocytosis
C) through the process of cellular degranulation
D) by opsonization

Answer 3

through the process of cellular degranulation

Question 4

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?

A) Innate immunity
B) Inflammatory response
C) Adaptive immunity
D) Specific immunity

Question 5

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Laboratory culture revealed Gram-negative bacteria bearing lipopolysaccharides on the cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case?

A) Classical pathway
B) Lectin pathway
C) Alternative pathway
D) Kinin pathway

Question 6

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

A) eosinophil.
B) neutrophil.
C) lymphocyte.
D) macrophage.

Question 7

When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond?

A) To provide specific responses toward antigens
B) To lyse cell membranes of micro-organisms
C) To prevent infection and further damage of the injured tissue
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 8

A patient has researched bradykinin on the Internet. Which information indicates the patient understands the functions of bradykinin? Bradykinin is involved in?

A) Bradykinin causes increasing vascular permeability.
B) Bradykinin is responsible for vasoconstricting blood vessels.
C) Bradykinin stimulates the clotting system.
D) Bradykinin increases the degradation of prostaglandins.

Question 9

After teaching the staff about the clotting system, which statement indicates the teaching was successful?

A) The clotting process produces plasmin.
B) The activation of fibrin is a main feature of the clotting system.
C) Collagen is the main end product of the clotting system.
D) Factor X is the main component that traps platelets.

Question 10

Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?

A) Site of production
B) Vascular effect
C) Chemotactic ability
D) Time of release

Question 11

Which biochemical secretions are able to trap and kill micro-organisms?

A) Hormones
B) Neurotransmitters
C) Ear wax
D) Interferon

Question 12

A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance. She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months. Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the micro-organism report?

A) Clostridium difficile overgrowth
B) Decreased Lactobacillus
C) Streptococcus overgrowth
D) Decreased Candida albicans

Question 13

What is the classical pathway of the complement system activated by?

A) Histamine
B) Antibodies, when a part of antigen-antibody complexes
C) Leukotrienes
D) Prostaglandins

Question 14

A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion. What information should the nurse include for innate immunity?

A) Innate immunity is strengthened following an illness.
B) Innate immunity is present at birth.
C) Innate immunity develops after an injection of specific antibodies.
D) Innate immunity occurs in adulthood.

Question 15

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury. What is the pain related to?

A) Histamine production
B) Prostaglandin release
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Immune complex formation at the site of injury

Question 16

The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?

A) Activation of a series of proenzymes
B) Phagocytosis initiation
C) Granulocyte production
D) Activated by interferon

Question 17

A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

A) Vasoconstriction at injured site
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Pale skin at injured site
D) Edema at injured site

Question 18

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. The nurse knows that aspirin relieves pain by which mechanism?

A) It decreases leukotriene production.
B) It increases histamine release.
C) It decreases prostaglandin production.
D) It increases platelet-activating factor.

Question 19

What is an opportunistic micro-organism?

A) A micro-organism that lives in a mutualistic environment with the body
B) Any micro-organism that sees opportunity for replication
C) A micro-organism that causes disease when an individual's defences are compromised
D) A micro-organism that is vulnerable to being destroyed by a healthy microbiome

Question 20

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Leukotrienes
D) Monocytes

Question 21

A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV) drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment. Which of the following could be used to treat his condition?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) IFNs

Question 22

After which injury would healing by secondary intention occur?

A) A sutured surgical wound
B) Stage IV pressure ulcer
C) A paper cut
D) Sunburn

Question 23

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumour cells and cause muscle wasting?

A) Interleukin-6
B) Eosinophils
C) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
D) Platelets

Question 24

A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:

A) nutritional status.
B) collagen synthesis.
C) epithelialization.
D) contraction.

Question 25

An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. Which of the following is deficient in this child?

A) C1 esterase inhibitor
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Neutrophils
D) Plasmin

Question 26

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

A) opsonins.
B) acute phase reactants.
C) antibodies.
D) phagolysosomes.

Question 27

What process of inflammation describes phagocytes sticking to capillary walls?

A) Margination
B) Exudation
C) Integration
D) Emigration

Question 28

Physical barriers that offer the body protection from damage and infection are located in the: (Select all that apply.)

A) gastrointestinal tract.
B) genitourinary tract.
C) respiratory tract.
D) lymph system.
E) hematopoietic system.

Question 29

The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (Select all that apply.)

A) Fever
B) Redness
C) Swelling
D) Heat
E) Pain

Question 30

A 5-year-old is infected with toxoplasmosis after cleaning the litter box that belongs to the family cat, and not washing her hands properly afterward. What is typical of this type of infection?

A) Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation
B) Degranulation in the chronic phase
C) Blood clots
D) Exudate production

Question 31

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasitic infection. Which laboratory result should the nurse check for a response to the parasite?

A) Monocyte levels
B) Elevated eosinophil levels
C) Suppressed neutrophil levels
D) Macrophage activity

Question 32

A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse include?

A) Opsonins are composed of fatty acids.
B) Opsonins regulate inflammation.
C) Opsonins degranulate mast cells.
D) Opsonins enhance phagocytosis.

Question 33

The postsurgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing. The dietitian believes the delay is related to nutritional intake. A deficiency in which of the following substances could directly affect healing?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
C) Melanin
D) Cholesterol

Question 34

What cytokine, released by many cells, stimulates cell division and differentiation?

A) Angiogenesis factor
B) Matrix metalloproteinase
C) Vascular endothelial growth factor
D) Transforming growth factor-beta

Question 35

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous

Question 36

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a newly admitted patient. The nurse notes that the patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated. The nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions?

A) Anemia
B) Infection
C) Inflammation
D) Electrolyte imbalance

Question 37

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) Interferons (IFNs)