Question 1

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for major histocompatibility complex. Which of the following would be expected?&#10;A) MHC I only&#10;B) MHC II only&#10;C) MHC I and II&#10;D) Neither MHC I nor MHC II

Accepted Answer

Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells and can present antigens to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, it is expected that they express both MHC I and MHC II.

Question 2

A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?&#10;A) Antibodies&#10;B) Cytotoxic T cells&#10;C) Self-antigens&#10;D) Helper T cells

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells in response to an antigen, such as a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. The antibodies will try to bind to the antigen in order to neutralize or eliminate it from the body. Cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells are responsible for killing virus-infected cells and activating other immune cells, respectively. Self-antigens are the body's own antigens and are not involved in fighting pathogens.

Question 3

A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet. Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by:&#10;A) T lymphocytes.&#10;B) bone marrow.&#10;C) laboratories.&#10;D) fetuses.

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibodies are typically produced in laboratories using mouse or human immune cells that have been fused with myeloma cells to create hybridoma cells that can endlessly produce identical copies of the antibody.

Question 4

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend. Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Testing reveals that she does not have the disease. How is it possible that she did not contract the disease?

A) Antibodies covered sites of attachment on the micro-organisms.
B) She was vaccinated against it.
C) Platelets provided protection.
D) IgE was released.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies can prevent infection by covering sites of attachment on the microorganisms, thereby blocking their ability to adhere to host cells and cause disease.

Question 5

A 23-year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth?

A) IgG
B) IgA
C) IgM
D) IgD

Accepted Answer

IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced during an immune response and indicates an acute infection. As the fetus has developed an infection in utero, it is likely that the fetus will have high levels of IgM at birth. IgG, on the other hand, is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood and is produced later in the immune response during a secondary response. IgA and IgD are not typically elevated during an infection.

Question 6

Which portion of the antibody is responsible for most of the biological functions of antibodies?&#10;A) Heavy chain&#10;B) Variable region&#10;C) Fc portion&#10;D) Epitope

Accepted Answer

The Fc portion of the antibody is responsible for most of the biological functions, such as binding to cell receptors and complement proteins.

Question 7

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?

A) Lymphokine-producing cells
B) T-cytotoxic cells
C) Helper T cells
D) Macrophages

Accepted Answer

T-cytotoxic cells are the primary cells involved in attacking and killing cells that have specific antigens. They do so by recognizing the antigen presented on the surface of the affected cell and releasing cytotoxic substances that cause cell death.

Question 8

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. What is a possible cause of this condition?&#10;A) Hypergammaglobulinemia&#10;B) Increased maternal IgG&#10;C) Immune insufficiency&#10;D) Decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity

Accepted Answer

A 5-month-old child with recurring respiratory infections may have an immune insufficiency, as their immune system is still developing and may not be fully capable of fighting off infections effectively.

Question 9

A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis might the nurse see documented on the chart?&#10;A) Malaria&#10;B) Tetanus&#10;C) Smallpox&#10;D) Hepatitis

Accepted Answer

Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani.

Question 10

While planning care for an older adult patient, the nurse remembers that increased age is associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) Increased T-cell function&#10;B) Decreased immune function&#10;C) Increased production of antibodies&#10;D) Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes&#10;E) Decreased ability to fight infection

Accepted Answer

The answer of While planning care for an older adult...

Question 11

Which following patient will develop active immunity?&#10;A) The patient who has natural exposure to an antigen&#10;B) The patient who receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor&#10;C) The patient who has T cells that transform to B cells&#10;D) The patient that receives immunoglobulin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which following patient will develop active immunity?&#10;A)...

Question 12

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is:&#10;A) IgG.&#10;B) IgM.&#10;C) IgA.&#10;D) IgE.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The predominant antibody of a typical primary...

Question 13

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes that this reaction is the result of:

A) toxoids.
B) IgA.
C) IgE.
D) IgM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old male is stung by a...

Question 14

A nurse is caring for a patient with a severe pulmonary infection. While planning care, which immunoglobulin will the nurse remember as the most important component of pulmonary secretions?&#10;A) IgA&#10;B) IgB&#10;C) IgP&#10;D) IgM

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is caring for a patient...

Question 15

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection?&#10;A) T cells&#10;B) B cells&#10;C) Antigens&#10;D) Lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is responsible for...

Question 16

The direct effects of antibodies include: (Select all that apply.)&#10;A) neutralization.&#10;B) agglutination.&#10;C) precipitation.&#10;D) phagocytosis.&#10;E) division.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The direct effects of antibodies include: (Select...

Question 17

Which of the following is considered a secondary lymph organ?&#10;A) The spleen&#10;B) Bone&#10;C) Antibody&#10;D) The liver

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is considered a...

Question 18

What is the most abundant class of antibody found in serum?&#10;A) IgG&#10;B) IgM&#10;C) IgA&#10;D) IgE

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most abundant class of...

Question 19

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?

A) Culture and sensitivity
B) Agglutination
C) Precipitation
D) Titre

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing...

Deck 7: Adaptive Immunity