Deck 39: Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Question 1

What is the primary organism responsible for osteomyelitis?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Salmonella
C) Mycobacterium
D) Haemophilus influenza

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 2

Which clinical finding would be expected in the patient with rhabdomyolysis?

A) Sweating
B) Dark urine
C) Yellow colour to the skin
D) Lower extremity swelling

Answer 2

Dark urine

Question 3

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:

A) preadolescent boys.
B) adolescent boys.
C) adolescent girls.
D) older adults.

Answer 3

older adults.

Question 4

What is osteomalacia a result of?

A) Collagen breakdown in the bone matrix
B) Excessive bone resorption
C) Crowding of bone marrow by excessive bone growth
D) Inadequate bone mineralization

Question 5

A 70-year-old diagnosed with osteoporosis stepped off a curb and fractured the left hip. Which term best describes the fracture?

A) Fatigue
B) Stress
C) Pathological
D) Greenstick

Question 6

A 35-year-old suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:

A) dislocation.
B) subluxation.
C) distortion.
D) nonunion.

Question 7

A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis. What is involved with osteoporosis?

A) Increased bone density
B) Lack of bone formation
C) Increased bone resorption
D) Increased mineralization

Question 8

What term is used to describe a torn ligament?

A) Sprain
B) Strain
C) Disunion
D) Subluxation

Question 9

The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is based on the measurement of which laboratory value?

A) White blood cell count (WBC)
B) Antinuclear antibodies
C) Aspartate aminotransferase
D) Creatine kinase (CK)

Question 10

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is characterized by the loss of:

A) the epiphyses.
B) articular cartilage.
C) synovial fluid.
D) the joint capsule.

Question 11

A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after starting, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as what type of fracture?

A) Comminuted
B) Greenstick
C) Fatigue
D) Compound

Question 12

What is the cause of Paget's disease?

A) Fluoride deficiency.
B) The cause is not fully known at present.
C) Excess vitamin A.
D) Osteogenic sarcoma.

Question 13

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Where would the inflammation primarily take place?

A) Synovial membranes
B) Short bones
C) Subchondral bones
D) Bursae

Question 14

A person is admitted to the hospital with a transverse fracture of the femur. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?

A) The fracture line is parallel to the bone.
B) The fracture line is straight across the bone.
C) The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone.
D) The fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone.

Question 15

What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a result of?

A) An ineffective antiviral agent
B) An autoimmune disease
C) A complication of rheumatic fever
D) A superficial joint injury

Question 16

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:

A) adolescents.
B) older adults.
C) infants.
D) premenopausal females.

Question 17

A disorder similar to osteomalacia that occurs in growing bones of children is termed:

A) Paget's disease.
B) rickets.
C) osteomyelitis.
D) osteosarcoma.

Question 18

When a 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture she is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

A) increased androgen levels.
B) decreased estrogen levels.
C) strenuous exercise.
D) excessive dietary calcium.

Question 19

A 36-year-old reports pain and weakness in the elbow. MRI reveals inflammation of the tendon and the presence of microtears where it attaches to the distal humerus at the elbow joint. This condition is called:

A) periostitis.
B) muscle strain.
C) bursitis.
D) epicondylopathy.

Question 20

A 56-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of osteomalacia. History reveals that he underwent bariatric surgery 3 years earlier. What is the common link between the surgery and the development of osteomalacia?

A) Impaired phosphate absorption
B) Increased calcium excretion
C) Vitamin D deficiency
D) Impaired vitamin C metabolism

Question 21

Signs and symptoms of subluxation include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Pain
B) Swelling
C) Hemorrhage
D) Limitation of movement
E) Joint deformity

Question 22

The chronic stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called:

A) monoarticular arthritis.
B) tophaceous gout.
C) asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
D) complicated gout.

Question 23

What is the term used to identify a pattern of bone destruction indicative of an aggressive malignant tumour? (Select all that apply.)

A) Moth-eaten
B) Permeative
C) Geographical
D) Radial
E) Selective

Question 24

What is the most common cause of toxic myopathy?

A) Infection
B) A tumour
C) Alcoholism
D) Osteoporosis

Question 25

A 46-year-old male who has been diagnosed with gouty arthritis is at high risk for developing:

A) cholelithiasis.
B) myocarditis.
C) renal stones.
D) liver failure.

Question 26

A 32-year-old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibres decreased, a condition referred to as:

A) myelodysplasia.
B) ischemic atrophy.
C) disuse atrophy.
D) fibromyalgia.

Question 27

What is the most common aggravating factor of an acute gouty arthritis attack?

A) Trauma
B) Anemia
C) High-fat foods
D) Lack of exercise

Question 28

The inflammatory symptoms of classic gouty arthritis are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.

A) purines
B) pyrimidines
C) monosodium urate
D) acetic acid

Question 29

A 21-year-old is diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The most likely joint to be affected would be the:

A) sacroiliac.
B) carpal.
C) shoulder.
D) knee.

Question 30

To make a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, tenderness must be present in ____ of the 18 points necessary for diagnosis.

Question 31

A 60-year-old male presents with swelling and pain in the knee. CT reveals a tumour has developed from a pre-existing benign bone lesion. This supports which diagnosis?

A) Secondary chondrosarcoma
B) Rhabdomyoma
C) Rhabdomyosarcoma
D) Fibrosarcoma

Question 32

Which of the following people is at highest risk for the development of gout?

A) Men aged 40 to 50 years
B) Premenopausal women
C) Male adolescents
D) Female children

Question 33

A 54-year-old male was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following is the expected treatment of choice?

A) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
B) Gold salts
C) Methotrexate
D) Colchicine

Question 34

What is a malignant tumour of striated muscle tissue called?

A) Myelogenic tumour
B) Giant cell tumour
C) Rhabdomyosarcoma
D) Rhabdomyoma

Question 35

Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculo-skeletal disorder characterized by:

A) pain resulting from joint and muscle inflammation.
B) muscle pain in the back and gastrointestinal symptoms.
C) neurological pain in the skeletal muscles.
D) diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender points.