Deck 3: Everyday Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Which bond is the weakest?

A) Peptide
B) Ionic
C) Covalent
D) Hydrogen

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following have approximately the same mass?

A) Protons and proteins
B) Neutrons and nuclei
C) Protons and neutrons
D) Protons and electrons

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How can one tell how many electrons are in the outer energy level of an element?

A) Atomic mass
B) Atomic number
C) Roman numeral above each column in the periodic table
D) Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which description of Ca²⁺ is most accurate?

A) A positive ion that has lost 2 electrons.
B) A positive ion that has gained 2 protons.
C) An isotope with 2 extra neutrons.
D) An atom that has gained 2 electrons.

Question 5

Sweating is a good example of which of water's properties?

A) It is cohesive.
B) It is a good solvent.
C) It has a high heat of vaporization.
D) It has a high specific heat.

Question 6

The atomic number equals:

A) the number of electrons
B) the number of protons
C) the mass of the protons
D) the number of neutrons

Question 7

The bond holding NaCl together is a(n):

A) covalent bond.
B) ionic bond.
C) hydrogen bond.
D) salt bond.

Question 8

Select the most accurate description of an atom.

A) A nucleus of neutrons orbited by protons.
B) A nucleus of neutrons and protons orbited by electrons.
C) A nucleus of electrons orbited by neutrons and protons.
D) Protons orbiting around electrons.

Question 9

Water's high specific heat makes it:

A) a good temperature buffer.
B) a good solvent.
C) liquid at room temperature.
D) easy to boil.

Question 10

What is a nonpolar molecule?

A) The atoms share the electrons equally
B) Ions that become neutral from bonding
C) Water is a nonpolar molecule
D) The atoms bond by neutrons instead of electrons

Question 11

What is the difference between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

A) Carbon-14 is older.
B) Carbon-14 has more neutrons.
C) Carbon-14 has more protons.
D) Carbon-14 has a half-life of 14 years.

Question 12

What makes an acid different from a base?

A) Acids contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
B) Acids have a pH of 7 or greater.
C) Acids taste sweet.
D) Acids have equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Question 13

Which collection of elements are the most common in living organisms?

A) Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
B) Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon
C) Carbon, hydrogen, neon, and nitrogen
D) Oxygen, hydrogen, neon, and sulfur

Question 14

A change in which ion concentration would severely affect heart rate and the nervous system?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Chloride

Question 15

Which of the following is an element?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) H₂O
D) Carbon

Question 16

Which of the following is considered a base?

A) Ammonia
B) Lemon juice
C) Vinegar
D) Stomach acid

Question 17

What is the name of the bond shown here?

A) Hydrogen
B) Polar covalent
C) Ionic
D) Van der Waals forces

Question 18

Which element is the most common in humans?

A) Chloride
B) Phosphorus
C) Hydrogen
D) Sulfur

Question 19

Which of the following would dissolve most easily in water?

A) Fat
B) Salt
C) Oil
D) Butter

Question 20

The atomic mass is calculated by:

A) adding the mass of the neutrons and protons.
B) subtracting the mass of electrons from the mass of the protons.
C) weighing individual atoms on microscales.
D) multiplying the mass of neutrons by the mass of the protons.

Question 21

Which type of lipid is a key component of the cell membrane?

A) Steroid
B) Phospholipid
C) Triglyceride
D) Fatty acid

Question 22

Which type of organic molecule is pictured here?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Lipid
C) Nucleic acid
D) Protein

Question 23

The arrow is pointing to a pH that is:

A) acidic.
B) neutral.
C) basic.
D) a buffer.

Question 24

Why is this organic molecule important in living organisms?

A) Structural component for most parts of a cell
B) Stores genetic information
C) Insulation
D) Biological energy

Question 25

Translation coverts the information stored in ____ into ____.

A) RNA, DNA
B) DNA, a polypeptide
C) RNA, a polypeptide
D) DNA, RNA

Question 26

Which carbohydrate category does glucose belong to?

A) Polysaccharide
B) Disaccharide
C) Monosaccharide
D) Glycogen

Question 27

What does the number 6 mean in this diagram?

A) The weight of a carbon atom
B) The number of protons in a carbon atom
C) The number of electrons in a carbon ion
D) How many bonds carbon will form

Question 28

How many electrons are in the valence shell of the atom shown here?

A) two
B) five
C) seven
D) four

Question 29

Which of the following organic chemicals is the most abundant in your body?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Nucleic acids

Question 30

What kind of a bond is depicted in this diagram?

A) Covalent
B) Hydrogen
C) Ionic
D) Nonpolar

Question 31

How are starch and cellulose different?

A) They are actually the same chemical known by two different names.
B) The branching pattern is different.
C) Animals make cellulose.
D) Plants use only starch.

Question 32

During transcription

A) a molecule of mRNA is made from the DNA template.
B) a new protein/polypeptide is made from RNA directions.
C) tRNA molecules pick up nucleotides in the nucleus.
D) a new molecule of DNA is made so there are two exact copies.

Question 33

What does the letter C represent in this diagram?

A) Enzyme
B) Product
C) Substrate
D) Acid

Question 34

What does the letter A represent in this diagram?

A) Enzyme
B) Energy
C) Products
D) Substrates

Question 35

Using the numbers given in the diagram, how many neutrons does a carbon atom have?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 18
D) 72

Question 36

The negatively charged particle labeled C is called a(n) ________.

A) electron
B) neutron
C) proton
D) oxygen

Question 37

The positively charged particle labeled A is called a(n) ____.

A) electron
B) neutron
C) proton
D) hydrogen

Question 38

What would happen if the active site of an enzyme had a different shape?

A) Nothing would change
B) The process would happen in reverse
C) The enzyme would die
D) The enzyme would not be functional

Question 39

What kind of bond is indicated by the arrow in this diagram?

A) Covalent
B) Hydrogen
C) Ionic
D) Nonpolar

Question 40

Which of the following organic molecules can serve as a library of genetic information?

A) Glucose
B) RNA
C) DNA
D) Phospholipid

Question 41

Lye is a basic substance.

Question 42

The valence shell of an atom determines how many bonds it can form.

Question 43

All the millions of different proteins are formed by just ____ amino acids.

Question 44

Exothermic reactions like burning hydrogen fuel release energy.

Question 45

A positively charged ion is formed when an atom gains electrons.

Question 46

Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.

Question 47

Which base and sugar is found in RNA but not DNA?

A) adenine, ribose
B) adenine, deoxyribose
C) uracil, ribose
D) uracil, deoxyribose

Question 48

Hydrogen is not an atom because it does not have any neutrons.

Question 49

Water is both ___________ and adhesive, allowing it to fill vessels and spaces within the body.

Question 50

A subunit, like -COOH, when attached to an organic molecule will determine how it reacts with other chemicals. The subunit is known as a(n) ___________.

Question 51

Storing sugar as long chains for later use is an example of a(n) ____________ reaction.

Question 52

Carbohydrates are water soluble and a good source of energy for the human body.

Question 53

Water is a good example of a _________ molecule since it is like a tiny magnet with positive and negative ends.

Question 54

An imbalance of the common ions found in the human body is life threatening.

Question 55

Ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water.

Question 56

The ______________ is the outermost energy level of electrons.

Question 57

Since carbon has 4 electrons in the outer energy level, it can form 4 covalent bonds.

Question 58

Water makes up about 33% of total body weight in humans.

Question 59

Hydrogen bonds hold the hydrogen and oxygen together in water molecules.

Question 60

This molecule is single stranded and involved in regulation and transfer of information.

A) Lipid
B) RNA
C) DNA
D) Carbohydrate

Question 61

The energy-laden molecule that is used to power cell functions is called ___________.

Question 62

___________ matters to the human body because it affects the rate of most chemical reactions and the concentration of many chemicals

Question 63

Describe the four levels of organization of proteins.

Question 64

What are the properties of water that are important to life?

Question 65

Describe the structure, function, and location of DNA.

Question 66

Describe how buffers work in the human body. Also explain their significance using a specific example.

Question 67

List the three kinds of RNA and describe their functions.