Deck 4: Cells: Organization and Communication

Question 1

Name the structure in this illustration.

A) flagella
B) golgi
C) centrioles
D) lysosome

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After vesicles are created in the endoplasmic reticulum, they usually:

A) fuse with the lysosome and digest its vesicular contents.
B) migrate to the cell membrane to release their contents.
C) fuse with the mitochondrion to provide fuel for ATP production.
D) fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What does the structure indicated by the arrow represent?

A) Nuclear envelope
B) Nuclear pore
C) Chromatin
D) Nucleolus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the diagram of the cell shown here, what is the function of the structure labeled B?

A) digestion
B) support
C) DNA isolation
D) protein production

Question 5

The statement that "all cells arise from preexisting cells" is one of the tenets of the:

A) cell doctrine.
B) cell hypothesis.
C) cell theory.
D) cell dogma.

Question 6

In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle responsible for ATP production is labeled as:

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 7

This figure demonstrates the result of placing a cell in a (an) ____________ solution.

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic
D) hyperosmotic

Question 8

The thinnest cytoskeletal structures, responsible for cellular locomotion and intracellular movements during cell division are:

A) microfilaments.
B) intermediate filaments.
C) microtubules.
D) mitochondria.

Question 9

What is the function of the part of the cell membrane that the arrow is pointing to below?

A) It improves the fluidity of the membrane.
B) It provides a passage for the transport of ions.
C) It defines the cell as belonging to the body.
D) It creates a hydrophobic barrier to aqueous solutes.

Question 10

Net diffusion has stopped in which image?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 11

Lipid-soluble materials enter and exit the cell via:

A) osmosis across a carrier protein.
B) diffusion across the cell membrane.
C) diffusion through a transport protein.
D) active transport.

Question 12

In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle that houses DNA is labeled as:

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 13

When glucose is moved into cells from a high concentration to a low concentration using transport proteins, it is referred to as:

A) osmosis.
B) diffusion.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) filtration.

Question 14

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of:

A) proteins with interspersed lipids.
B) hydrophilic lipids, proteins and sugars.
C) phospholipids, with proteins and sugars interspersed.
D) glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Question 15

In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle that determines the overall structure of animal cells is labeled as:

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E

Question 16

The organelle responsible for the conversion of the pollywog to a frog (the loss of the tadpole's tail) is the:

A) golgi complex.
B) mitochondrion.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) lysosome.

Question 17

The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) All living things are composed of cells.
B) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division.
C) Cells share similar chemical composition.
D) Cells are made up of similar shapes and sizes.

Question 18

In the diagram of the cell shown here, the organelle responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones is labeled as:

A) A
B) C
C) E
D) F

Question 19

The obvious structural difference between the two structures shown below is:

A) the lack of ribosomes on A.
B) the lack of ribosomes on B.
C) the lack of lipids on A.
D) the lack of lipids on B.

Question 20

In which of the following organelles is DNA found?

A) Golgi body
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Nucleus

Question 21

The organelle shown below often functions in what process?

A) Protein production
B) Digestion
C) Support
D) Lipid synthesis

Question 22

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

A) The production of glucose
B) The production of ATP
C) The production of oxygen
D) The production of mitochondria

Question 23

The structure below can be found in which organelle?

A) Nucleus
B) Golgi complex
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Centrioles

Question 24

The signaling compound shown in the figure is a:

A) paracrine.
B) autocrine.
C) hormone.
D) apoptosis.

Question 25

What process is shown in the diagram below?

A) Osmosis
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Exocytosis

Question 26

Cyclins are small proteins that bind to and activate CDKs during the proess of

A) cellular respiration
B) diffusion
C) osmosis
D) mitosis

Question 27

What form of transport uses energy and moves molecules against or "up" their concentration gradient?

A) Passive transport
B) Osmosis
C) Diffusion
D) Active transport

Question 28

The arrow is pointing to the region where the two chromosome arms are held together. This is referred to as the ______.

A) spindle apparatus.
B) cleavage furrow.
C) chromatin.
D) centromere.

Question 29

Cell-to-cell junctions which allow for instantaneous communication can be found in which kind of cells?

A) Red blood cells
B) Cartilage
C) Heart muscle cells
D) Bone cells

Question 30

What is the name of the process shown in this figure?

A) Active transport
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Diffusion

Question 31

In the diagram below, which process releases the most ATP?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 32

When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, water will:

A) move into and out of the cell at an equal rate and not affect the cell.
B) move into the cell and cause the cell to burst.
C) move out of the cell and cause the cell to shrink.
D) move into the cell and cause the cell to shrink.

Question 33

Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which substances from the surrounding fluid move into the cell.

Question 34

Osmosis is a form of active transport.

Question 35

Paracrines are hormones that:

A) are released into the bloodstream, potentially reaching every cell of the body.
B) are mostly used when quick responses are required.
C) allow physical connections between adjacent cells.
D) provide long-distance communication.

Question 36

A key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that:

A) prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes do not.
B) prokaryotes have organelles and eukaryotes do not.
C) eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not.
D) eukaryotes have DNA floating in the cytoplasm and prokaryotes do not.

Question 37

Sodium/potassium ATPase is a reciprocal pump that moves potassium ions into the cell while pumping sodium ions out of the cell.

Question 38

What process is shown in the diagram below?

A) Osmosis
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Exocytosis

Question 39

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called:

A) endocytosis.
B) osmosis.
C) active transport.
D) pinocytosis.

Question 40

In the diagram below, what structure is indicated by the arrow?

A) Chromatin
B) Nuclear pore
C) Nuclear envelope
D) Nucleolus

Question 41

_________________ helps to maintain the viscosity of the plasma membrane.

Question 42

The plasma membrane is a _________________ barrier.

Question 43

Nuclear pores allow DNA to escape the nuclear membrane during transcription.

Question 44

Cilia are long whip-like structures that propel the cell forward.

Question 45

The majority of ATP energy production occurs during glycolysis.

Question 46

RNA exits the nucleus via __________________.

Question 47

__________ cells lack a distinct nucleus and organelles.
Answer

Question 48

Facilitated transport moves molecules from low molecule concentrations to high molecule concentrations.

Question 49

When cells send messengers to signal other cells, they use _____________ to act on neighboring cells and _________________ to act on distant target cells.

Question 50

The overall function of cellular organelles is to maintain homeostasis.

Question 51

Organelles are suspended in the fluid ______________ of a cell.

Question 52

The first step in the breakdown of glucose takes place in the _____________ and the other three steps take place in the _____________________.

Question 53

The process of forming RNA copies of nuclear DNA is called _______________.

Question 54

Paracrines, secretions produced in one area of the body, travel to and alter the physiological activity of remote cells.

Question 55

A compound dissolved in a solvent is called a ___________.

Question 56

A compound secreted in one area of the body that is active in another area; usually carried by the blood is called a hormone.

Question 57

The organelle responsible for cell death is the _________________.

Question 58

Mitochondria are believed to have come from free-living ____________ billions of years ago.

Question 59

Water cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer unless it travels through a protein channel.

Question 60

A cell placed into a hypertonic solution will _____________.

Question 61

Plant cells contain organelles identified as _________, which are not found in animal cells.
Answer

Question 62

Compare and contrast the three ways cellular signaling can occur.

Question 63

A typical eukaryotic cell has many membrane-bound structures within the cytoplasm. Choose two such structures and describe their appearance. Give the function of each, including how the two relate to one another.

Question 64

What process is demonstrated here? Give a brief description of the events in each of the four stages of this process.

Question 65

DNA is in the form of chromosomes during __________________.