Deck 21: Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology

Question 1

Mendel's conclusion about how each trait is carried in the gamete as a separate entity regardless of any other traits is called the Law of ______________ .

A) Independent Assortment
B) Segregation
C) Crossing-Over
D) Dominance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The creation of transgenic animals can assist society in the areas of

A) pharmaceuticals
B) livestock improvement
C) endangered species conservation
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A human cell with 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes is called:

A) diploid.
B) polyploid.
C) haploid.
D) multiploid.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The dihybrid cross shown here will produce how many wrinkled and yellow pea plants?

A) 9
B) 6
C) 3
D) 1

Question 5

Based on the amino acid comparisons of Cytochrome C, which species is the most distantly related to humans? Insert figure 21.13, page 483 5^th edition

A) Rhesus Monkey
B) Chimp
C) Turtle
D) Whale

Question 6

If a trait is located on the X chromosome, why do males exhibit the trait all the time?

A) Males have two X chromosomes.
B) Males have two Y chromosomes.
C) Males have only one X chromosome.
D) Males have only one Y chromosome.

Question 7

What type of blood can the offspring of the parents depicted here have?

A) Type A only
B) Type A and O
C) Type A, B, and O
D) All blood types are possible because this only give us the phenotypes, not the specific genotypes

Question 8

A trait that is expressed even if there is only one such allele is a ______ trait.

A) homologous
B) recessive
C) dominant
D) true-breeding

Question 9

What would be true about the offspring of two straight-haired Caucasians?

A) They would all have straight hair.
B) Some would have straight hair and some curly.
C) Some would have wavy hair and some curly.
D) Some would have straight hair, some wavy, and some curly; they would have to have many children to see this effect.

Question 10

Which trait exhibits typical dominant/recessive inheritance in humans?

A) Freckles
B) Red color-blindness
C) Baldness
D) Both freckles and red color-blindness

Question 11

During which process would you find the event pictured here?

A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Transcription
D) Translation

Question 12

Human hemogloblin matches all but 8 amino acids with which species?

A)Frog
B) Dog
C) Macaque monkey
D) Fungi

Question 13

Which phase of meiosis is depicted here?

A) Prophase I
B) Metaphase I
C) Anaphase I
D) Telophase I

Question 14

As a result of the cross labeled 1, what do you predict about all the offspring labeled 2?

A) There will be mostly white offspring and some purple.
B) The offspring will all be white.
C) There will be mostly purple offspring and some white.
D) The offspring will all be purple.

Question 15

The diagram shows that the inherited trait is:

A) autosomal dominant.
B) autosomal recessive.
C) sex-linked.
D) sex influenced.

Question 16

The process depicted here is best described by which of the following choices?

A) The tetrads are separating to opposite sides.
B) The cell is completing the first phase of meiosis.
C) The cell is splitting; cytokinesis.
D) Genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes.

Question 17

Variations in voice pitch in humans is an example of:

A) a typical dominant/recessive trait.
B) a sex-linked trait.
C) a codominant trait.
D) an incomplete dominance trait.

Question 18

Regarding sex-linked traits, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the offspring labeled A?

A) Normal female but a carrier
B) Normal male
C) Male with the sex-linked trait
D) Normal female

Question 19

Heterozygotes:

A) have two copies of the dominant allele.
B) have two copies of the recessive allele.
C) are always male.
D) have genotypes usually indicated with a capital and a lower case letter such as Aa.

Question 20

Which crops have been produced to resist the herbicide glyphosate?

A) Corn and soybean
B) Corn, rice, and cotton.
C) Cotton and soybeans
D) Rice and cotton

Question 21

What are the ends of these pieces of DNA called?

A) Restriction ends
B) Blunt ends
C) Sticky ends
D) Annealing ends

Question 22

Gregor Mendel was the first to breed plants and draw conclusions about the patterns of inheritance from his results.

Question 23

A woman with type AB blood cannot have children with type O blood.

Question 24

The field of pharmacogenetics:

A) tailors drug treatments to individual genotypes.
B) tailors drug treatments to individual phenotypes.
C) prescribes generic treatments to individuals.
D) prescribes antibiotics to treat individual bacterial infections.

Question 25

Hemophilia and colorblindness are:

A) dominant traits.
B) sex-linked traits.
C) multifactorial traits.
D) autosomal traits.

Question 26

In this diagram, the Argobacterium is a(n):

A) plasmid.
B) virus.
C) host.
D) vector.

Question 27

Which of the following disorders matches these symptoms: lack of coordination, poor memory, lack of fine motor control?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Turner syndrome
D) Huntington's disease

Question 28

Using Mendel's garden pea traits of purple and white, if a purple plant crossed with a white plant produces all purple plants, the white allele must be the recessive trait.

Question 29

Tay-Sachs is a fatal disease caused by a dysfunctional, lysosomal enzyme in the brain.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an example of a single-gene disorder?

A) Down syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Marfan syndrome
D) SCID

Question 31

Transgenic plants can improve the nutritional content of food.

Question 32

Human traits are complicated because many are polygenic which means the trait is influenced by many genes.

Question 33

Which is true regarding the sex chromosomes of females?

A) Both of their X chromosomes are active and contribute to the characteristics even if there are two different alleles on the chromosomes.
B) The Y chromosome becomes inactive.
C) One of the X chromosomes becomes a condensed Barr body.
D) They have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Question 34

The specific alleles carried on the chromosomes constitute the individuals phenotype.

Question 35

What does this figure communicate?

A) The child is related to father number one
B) The child is related to father number two
C) The child is related to the mother only
D) The child is related to both fathers

Question 36

Prenatal testing is currently used to determine:

A) SNP location.
B) personality.
C) chromosomal abnormalities.
D) cancer.

Question 37

Regarding gene therapy, in order for the results to be transmitted to the next generation the gene should be inserted into the patient's:

A) somatic cells.
B) sperm cells.
C) germ cells.
D) diploid cells.

Question 38

Calico-shell cats are always male because this characteristic is on the X chromosome and males have only one X chromosome.

Question 39

What is the name of the technique shown here?

A) Karyotype
B) Polymerase chain reaction
C) Human genome project
D) Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Question 40

Separation of DNA into two strands using heat is called?

A) Dissociation
B) Centrifugation
C) Isolation
D) Annealing

Question 41

One of the goals of the Human Genome Project was to identify the genes in human DNA; however, the sequencing of the DNA is part of a future project.

Question 42

A crime scene reveals a tiny amount of genetic material that may be linked with the guilty person. This small amount of DNA may be amplified, or copied many times over, through a process called ___________ ___________ ___________.

Question 43

A __________ __________ is a genetic tool used to determine the probability of genotypic combinations.

Question 44

Skin color in humans is an example of a ___________ trait.

Question 45

If an individual is _____________, this means they carry two copies of the same allele.

Question 46

Crossing heterozygotes will generate a ratio of ____________ dominant to recessive phenotypes

Question 47

Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. If a normal female has children with a man who is a hemophiliac, how many of their sons will have hemophilia? Show your work with a Punnett square.

Question 48

Mendel's Law of ______________ states that parental alleles will separate randomly during gamete formation.

Question 49

The appearance of an individual, as a direct result of the alleles being expressed, is called the ___________.

Question 50

A ____________ __________ is a symbolic representation of phenotypic traits as they are transmitted through families. It can be used trace the pathway of disease through a family.

Question 51

Describe the goals and achievements of the Human Genome Project.

Question 52

Explain how biotechnology supports the theory of evolution.

Question 53

Since human gametes only carry 23 chromosomes they are considered _______ cells.

Question 54

Once a gene is located, it can be isolated and cut away by using __________ ___________.