Deck 20: Pregnancy: Development From Conception to Newborn

Question 1

When a sperm fertilizes an egg the resulting cell is called:

A) a morula.
B) a blastocyst.
C) an implantation.
D) a zygote.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In this diagram, what is labeled B?

A) Embryo
B) Uterus
C) Yolk sac
D) Umbilical cord

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In this diagram, what is the structure labeled A called?

A) Yolk sac
B) Amnionic cavity
C) Trophoblast
D) Embryonic disc

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Some of the mesoderm is destined to become:

A) the nervous system.
B) the teeth.
C) the muscles.
D) the liver.

Question 5

Which statement is true regarding the yolk sac?

A) Only animals that develop outside the mother, like a chicken, have yolk sacs.
B) The yolk sac in a human is inactive.
C) The placenta and yolk sac are synonymous.
D) The yolk sac will help to form the digestive system.

Question 6

What is the embryo also called at this point of development?

A) Pronucleus
B) Embryo
C) Blastocyst
D) Morula

Question 7

Sperm must penetrate the _______________, the outer layer of the ovum, in order to fertilize it.

A) corona radiata
B) trophoblast
C) zona pellucida
D) reticular layer

Question 8

In this diagram, what is labeled A?

A) Yolk sac
B) Embryo
C) Allantois
D) Amniotic cavity

Question 9

How many days old is this embryo?

A) 14
B) 21
C) 25
D) 35

Question 10

The epidermis, nervous system, and adrenal medulla emerge from the:

A) endoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) ectoderm.
D) epithelium.

Question 11

The embryonic period lasts from fertilization through the _______ week of development.

A) 2nd
B) 4th
C) 8th
D) 16th

Question 12

Which would be an accurate description of the step labeled 5?

A) Fertilization
B) Morula
C) Blastocyst
D) Implantation

Question 13

Which layer of the egg contains species-specific receptors for the sperm?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 14

Approximately how many days old is this group of cells?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 7

Question 15

Compare IVF to GIFT.

A) IVF fertilization takes place in fallopian tubes, whereas GIFT fertilization takes place in a Petri dish.
B) During IVF and GIFT, fertilization takes place in Petri dishes.
C) During IVF and GIFT, fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes.
D) IVF fertilization takes place in a Petri dish, whereas GIFT fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubes.

Question 16

What is labeled A in this diagram?

A) Endometrial gland
B) Trophoblast
C) Inner cell mass
D) Blastocyst cavity

Question 17

During in vitro fertilization,:

A) the husband's sperm is introduced artificially, instead of through intercourse, into the woman's vagina.
B) the husband's sperm is used to fertilize an oocyte that is from a donor other than his wife.
C) fertilization happens in a laboratory glassware.
D) a woman is treated with fertility hormones and then given donated sperm from a man other than her husband.

Question 18

A sperm fuses with the oocyte membrane in a process called:

A) fast block.
B) capacitation.
C) syngamy.
D) differentiation.

Question 19

The epidermis of the skin comes from which embryonic layer?

A) Ectoderm
B) Epiderm
C) Endoderm
D) Mesoderm

Question 20

An ovum is viable for up to _____ hours after ovulation.

A) 12
B) 14
C) 48
D) 72

Question 21

Identify the region indicated by the arrow.

A) Chorionic villi
B) Amnion
C) Allantosis
D) Amniotic fluid

Question 22

During the mid-blastula phase, translation of paternal RNA is extremely high, but the egg's mRNA is relatively silent.

Question 23

Which chromosome-sampling test is able to determine genetic anomalies earliest in a pregnancy?

A) Amniocentesis
B) Chorionic villus sampling
C) Ultrasound
D) 4D ultrasound

Question 24

The fetal stage refers to the period immediately following birth.

Question 25

How does a fetus obtain oxygen?

A) Fetal hemoglobin 'steals' oxygen from maternal hemoglobin at the placenta.
B) Fetal lungs absorb oxygen from the amniotic fluid.
C) Maternal blood mixes with fetal blood at the placenta.
D) Fetal blood enters the maternal circulatory system and enters maternal lungs.

Question 26

What indication below signifies the fetus has dropped?

A) More frequent urination and defecation
B) Quickening
C) A full feeling in the stomach
D) Trouble catching your breath

Question 27

The sucking response (sucking fingers and thumbs) is usually seen in the:

A) morula stage.
B) first trimester.
C) second trimester.
D) third trimester.

Question 28

The amnion provides a diffusion area for the amniotic fluid.

Question 29

By week ___, all of the major organs and organ systems are present, though not fully functional.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 30

The major hormone promoting the production of milk is:

A) oxytocin.
B) estrogen.
C) progesterone.
D) prolactin.

Question 31

Quickening occurs during the?

A) Late embryonic stage
B) First trimester
C) Second trimester
D) Third trimester

Question 32

As the zygote travels down uterine tubes it undergoes the process of

A) dilation
B) conception
C) cleavage
D) implantation

Question 33

What usually follows the drop of the cervical mucus plug?

A) Afterbirth
B) Expulsion
C) "Water-breaking"
D) Dilation

Question 34

Which description would be correct for the arrow labeled A?

A) Estrogen (milk production)
B) Oxytocin (milk ejection)
C) Follicle stimulating hormone (milk production)
D) Human growth hormone (breast development)

Question 35

The trophoblast assists in implantation by digesting the endometrium.

Question 36

Which hormone is responsible for positive readings in early pregnancy tests?

A) Human growth hormone
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin
C) Leutenizing hormone
D) Estrogen

Question 37

Which stage of labor is depicted here?

A) Dilation
B) Expulsion
C) Placental
D) Birth

Question 38

Gender differentiation occurs at approximately:

A) 5 weeks.
B) 5 months.
C) 7 weeks.
D) 7 months.

Question 39

A "breech baby":

A) is when the baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation.
B) is when the baby is delivered by cesarean section.
C) is when the baby fails to gain weight like other babies its age.
D) is when the baby's position in the womb makes it difficult to deliver because the buttocks or feet are lower than the head.

Question 40

Immediately after fertilization, paternal genes are being expressed due to the presence of the sperm whereas maternal genes are inactive at this point.

Question 41

The innermost layer of the developing embryo is called the ___________.

Question 42

The second trimester sees the beginning of surfactant secretion, an important chemical that prevents the alveoli of the lungs from collapsing.

Question 43

In the developing embryo and fetus, waste removal and nutrient circulation are accomplished by simple diffusion.

Question 44

The change in sperm that prepares them to fertilize an egg is known as _____________.

Question 45

Outline the function of the three germ layers in the embryo.

Question 46

The first substance to be produced by the mammary glands is a watery substance rich in proteins and antibodies called _____________.

Question 47

The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is a rare example of _________ _________, which means more oxytocin produces stronger contractions and stimulates the production of yet more oxytocin.

Question 48

Once the baby's head pushes through the vagina, the body follows quickly.

Question 49

The procedure for collecting amniotic fluid for analysis is called _______________.

Question 50

Describe fetal circulation.

Question 51

If the labor needs to be induced, pitocin, a synthetic form of prolactin, will be given intravenously.

Question 52

Describe how hormones trigger and participate in the three stages of labor.

Question 53

It is thought that labor initiates when the fetal ______________ secretes ACTH.

Question 54

The ____________ provides the starting material for the blood vessels of the umbilical cord.

Question 55

Identical, or _______________ twins arise when one zygote splits into two separate balls of cells.

Question 56

A ____________ is a photomicrograph arranged to show the chromosome pairs.

Question 57

The placenta develops from the chorion, the outermost of the extraembryonic membranes.

Question 58

By the end of the ______ trimester, the skeleton is starting to ossify.