Deck 17: The Urinary System

Question 1

In the diagram the urethra is represented by the letter:

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The distal convoluted tubule empties into a/the:

A) collecting duct.
B) renal pelvis.
C) loop of Henle.
D) proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which part of the urinary system does the filtering of the blood?

A) Nephron
B) Urethra
C) Renal pelvis
D) Bladder

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The renal pyramids are located in the:

A) renal cortex.
B) renal medulla.
C) renal papilla.
D) renal pelvis.

Question 5

Which structure is labeled D?

A) Glomerulus
B) PCT
C) DCT
D) loop of Henle

Question 6

Which structure directs urine into the ureter?

A) Renal hilus
B) Renal pelvis
C) Glomerulus
D) Urethra

Question 7

What is happening in the PCT?

A) Filtration
B) Secretion
C) Reabsorption
D) Filtration and Reabsorption

Question 8

Which structure contains fluid that is most closely similar to the urine that will be expelled?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 9

The organs of the urinary system are responsible for:

A) regulation of body temperature.
B) regulation of the fluid environment of the body.
C) removal of pathogens.
D) regulation of respiration.

Question 10

Which region is involved in producing the urine?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) All of these choices
E) A and B

Question 11

Which structure is labeled A?

A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal capsule
C) Renal cortex
D) Renal medulla

Question 12

If your systolic pressure drops below _______ mm Hg, glomerular filtration will cease.

A) 60
B) 80
C) 100
D) 120

Question 13

Why is blood vessel C smaller in diameter than blood vessel A?

A) There is less blood volume in C
B) To create back pressure
C) There is more blood volume in A
D) A is an artery and arteries are larger than veins

Question 14

What occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

A) Filtration
B) Water reasborption
C) Secretion of sodium ions
D) Secretion of potassium ions

Question 15

Which structure is labeled A?

A) Collecting duct
B) Glomerular capsule
C) PCT
D) DCT

Question 16

What is the name of the blood vessel labeled B?

A) Afferent arteriole
B) Peritubular capillaries
C) Glomerulus
D) Efferent arteriole

Question 17

The name of the blood vessel bringing blood to the glomerulus is:

A) the renal artery.
B) the efferent arteriole.
C) the afferent arteriole.
D) the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 18

Which structure is labeled B?

A) Renal capsule
B) Renal pyramid
C) Renal papilla
D) Renal pelvis

Question 19

Which represents the correct order of the following blood vessels: 1 - afferent arteriole, 2 - efferent arteriole, 3 - glomerulus, 4 - peritubular capillaries?

A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 2, 4, 1, 3
D) 1, 3, 2, 4

Question 20

Which substance is found in blood plasma but not in the fluid of the glomerular capsule?

A) Water
B) Amino acids
C) Ions
D) Large proteins

Question 21

Why are females more susceptible to urinary tract infections?

A) Females have a shorter urethra.
B) Females have a larger bladder.
C) Males have a smaller bladder.
D) Females have a shorter urethra and a larger bladder.

Question 22

Both caffeine and alcohol:

A) increase sodium ion reabsorption.
B) decrease production of aldosterone.
C) decrease production of ADH.
D) increase water reabsorption.

Question 23

If the blood is too acidic, the kidneys can:

A) excrete hydrogen ions.
B) send hydrogen ions into the blood.
C) excrete bicarbonate ions.
D) produce more urine.

Question 24

Breakdown products of drugs are secreted into the filtrate at the DCT.

Question 25

Which hormone(s) affect(s) salt regulation?

A) ANP
B) BNP
C) Aldosterone
D) All of these choices

Question 26

What is the function of structure C?

A) Filter blood
B) Produce urine
C) Store urine
D) Transport urine

Question 27

Which hormone directly affects the permeability of the collecting duct to water?

A) ANP
B) ADH
C) BNP
D) Aldosterone

Question 28

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

Question 29

The functional unit of the kidney is the ureter.

Question 30

Each kidney has millions more nephrons than it needs.

Question 31

Which large molecule is not normally found in urine?

A) Albumin
B) Urea
C) Amino acids
D) Glucose

Question 32

The fluid in the glomerular capsule drains into the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 33

The procedure in which fluid is placed into the abdominal cavity to assist in cleansing the blood is called:

A) urinalysis.
B) hemodialysis.
C) a kidney transplant.
D) peritoneal dialysis.

Question 34

What effect does a high-protein diet have on the pH of urine?

A) Keeps it in the normal range
B) Increases the acidity
C) Increases the alkalinity
D) Causes an excess of bicarbonate ions in the urine

Question 35

Glucose in the urine is an indication of:

A) overeating.
B) starvation.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) homeostasis (it is normal to have glucose in the urine).

Question 36

Which structure does ADH affect?

A) Glomerular capsule
B) PCT
C) DCT
D) Collecting duct
E) DCT and collecting duct

Question 37

Micturition is like defecation in that part of the process is a reflex and part of it can be consciously controlled.

Question 38

The first step in urine formation is tubular secretion.

Question 39

What is the function of structure D?

A) Filter blood
B) Produce urine
C) Store urine
D) Transport urine

Question 40

In the process diagram, what is the change in box A?

A) Blood pH is too acidic.
B) Urine pH is too acidic.
C) Blood pH is too basic.
D) Urine pH is too acidic.

Question 41

The design of the loop of Henle creates a______________ ______________, in the renal medulla.

Question 42

The removal of solutes will cause the formation of dilute urine.

Question 43

Describe the movement of water through the nephron including a description of the movement of salt and countercurrent multiplication.

Question 44

Urinalysis can detect excessively high blood pressure by measuring the amount of albumin in the urine.

Question 45

Every day, approximately ______ liters of fluid are filtered from the blood.

Question 46

The ____________ brings blood to the kidney to be filtered.

Question 47

The tubule that extends from the glomerular capsule is the _________ _________ ________.

Question 48

________________ is the leaking of urine during physical exertion.

Question 49

List the substances that if found in urine suggest a specific health problem and briefly describe the problem they indicate.

Question 50

The bladder is lined with __________ ___________ to allow for expansion of the organ without tearing the inner lining.

Question 51

Urine is usually a yellow to amber color because of ________________, a breakdown product of bile.

Question 52

How does ADH maintain fluid balance?

Question 53

The presence of red blood cells in the urine is called _____________ and usually indicates a pathological condition.

Question 54

Urinalysis can produce false positive results for certain drugs because it does not test for the specific drug but rather the breakdown products.

Question 55

The renal cortex dips into the renal medulla dividing it off into structures known as ______________.

Question 56

The kidneys are ________________, which means they are posterior to the peritoneal membrane of the abdominal cavity.