Deck 18: The Endocrine System and Development

Question 1

Hormone A is released under which conditions?

A) At homeostatic blood glucose levels
B) High blood glucose levels
C) When glucose levels rises above homeostatic values
D) Low blood glucose levels

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex leads to:

A) Type II Diabetes.
B) Cushing's disease.
C) Acromegaly.
D) Addison's disease.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The condition that results from hypersecretion of human growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed is called:

A) Diabetes.
B) Acromegaly.
C) Dwarfism.
D) Addison's disease.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement regarding this organ is true?

A) It is both endocrine and exocrine.
B) It is involved in maturation of certain immune cells.
C) It is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.
D) This organ's endocrine function becomes limited after puberty.

Question 5

Insulin is secreted by:

A) alpha cells.
B) beta cells.
C) delta cells.
D) target cells.

Question 6

Which hormone would be produced by structure A?

A) Oxytocin
B) Insulin
C) ACTH
D) Calcitriol

Question 7

The type of hormone depicted here is a/an:

A) exocrine hormone.
B) protein hormone.
C) steroid hormone.
D) water-soluble hormone.

Question 8

Which hormone would be produced by structure B?

A) Glucagon
B) ADH
C) hGH
D) T4

Question 9

Type I diabetes:

A) used to be called adult-onset diabetes.
B) results from cells ceasing to respond to insulin.
C) is commonly seen in the obese.
D) is caused by an autoimmune attack of the islet cells.

Question 10

How do hormones produced by the endocrine system get to the target cell?

A) Osmosis
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Impulses
D) Circulatory system

Question 11

Hyposecretion of human growth hormone during development leads to:

A) Cushing's disease.
B) Dwarfism.
C) Gigantism.
D) increased basal metabolic rate.

Question 12

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled B?

A) Epinephrine
B) Insulin
C) Glucagon
D) T3

Question 13

What causes the condition of goiter?

A) Hyposecretion of cortisol
B) Hypersecretion of insulin
C) Hypersecretion of TSH
D) Hyposecretion of ACTH

Question 14

Which organ system is most similar to the endocrine system in terms of coordinating the functions of the organism?

A) Cardiovascular
B) Nervous
C) Integumentary
D) Respiratory

Question 15

Which molecule often serves as a second messenger in the action of water-soluble hormones?

A) ATP
B) DNA
C) cAMP
D) mRNA

Question 16

What is the name of this gland?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Thymus gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Pancreas

Question 17

Which statement below would accurately describe step 1?

A) The hormone diffuses into the cell.
B) The receptor/hormone complex alters gene expression.
C) Messenger RNA directs formation of new protein.
D) New protein alters cell activity.

Question 18

Glucagon:

A) stimulates the release of hGH from the pituitary gland.
B) decreases the basal metabolic rate.
C) regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine.
D) accelerates the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Question 19

Which hormone is produced in the region labeled A?

A) ADH
B) ACTH
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline

Question 20

Which hormone stimulates milk production in females?

A) hGH
B) TSH
C) Prolactin
D) ACTH

Question 21

What causes the development of secondary sex characteristics in males and females?

A) hGH
B) Prolactin
C) FSH and LH
D) Oxytocin

Question 22

The posterior pituitary gland is composed of neuroendocrine cells.

Question 23

Phthalates and BPA have what effect on humans?

A) Cause premature aging
B) Act to accumulate cell damage
C) Facilitate failure of organ systems
D) Act as endocrine disruptors impacting development

Question 24

Most hormones are regulated by the homeostatic mechanism known as negative feedback.

Question 25

President John F. Kennedy suffered from Cushing's disease.

Question 26

Cortisol is applied to rashes because of its anti-inflammatory properties.

Question 27

Infancy is a time during which coordination improves rapidly.

Question 28

What is a change characteristic of childhood (2-12 yrs)?

A) Lots of time spent sleeping
B) Teeth erupt
C) Lengthening of bones
D) Maturation of reproductive organs

Question 29

Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates stomach secretions.

Question 30

The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands.

Question 31

The thymus:

A) is located near the larynx.
B) regulates basal metabolic rate.
C) secretes two hormones called thymosin and thymopoietin.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 32

Which endocrine gland can control the pituitary gland?

A) Pancreas
B) Adrenal gland
C) Thyroid
D) Hypothalamus

Question 33

Androgens produced by the testes are examples of steroid hormones.

Question 34

Which is characteristic of human babies?

A) Organ system failure
B) Rapid development of skeleton
C) Ability to reproduce
D) Dependency

Question 35

Parathyroid hormone works with _____________ in maintaining blood calcium homeostasis.

A) vitamin B
B) calcitonin
C) T4
D) aldosterone

Question 36

Insulin stimulates the liver to convert its glycogen reserves to glucose.

Question 37

The pineal gland:

A) has an anterior portion that secretes 7 hormones.
B) secretes hormones that regulate glucose metabolism.
C) is located on top of the kidneys.
D) seems to be involved in sleep patterns.

Question 38

During which phase of life does the brain develop most?

A) Newborn
B) Infancy
C) Childhood
D) Puberty

Question 39

Elevated PTH:

A) leads to muscle spasms.
B) can causes soft bones.
C) leads to low levels of blood calcium.
D) can lead to Cushing's disease.

Question 40

The target cells for ADH are found in the heart and lungs.

Question 41

A(n) _________ is a group of enzymes which carry a phosphate from one compound to another.

Question 42

The _____________ ________ are four small endocrine glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland.

Question 43

Compare and contrast steroid and nonsteroid hormones.

Question 44

The hormone ____________ is important in childbirth and is one of the few examples of positive feedback in the body.

Question 45

Both T3 and T4 require ___________ to complete their production, and it is easily provided by including salt in the diet.

Question 46

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are located in specialized clusters of cells called the ________ ____ _____________.

Question 47

The endocrine system communicates with cells using chemical messengers called _______________.

Question 48

The mineralcorticoid ______________ causes retention of sodium in the kidneys by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions.

Question 49

Cell division seems to be limited by the length of chromosomal structures called ____________.

Question 50

Organ systems are very independent of each other, so if the parathyroid gland failed to function properly, the body would simply adjust with no major complications.

Question 51

Vitamins C and E are taken in hopes to prevent damage from chemicals called ____________ that can damage DNA.

Question 52

The heart has endocrine tissue that secretes __________ ____________ __________ that is involved in regulating blood volume.

Question 53

The __________ _________ is a small gland that is indirectly sensitive to light and produces melatonin.

Question 54

How are hormones levels controlled?