Deck 16: The Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of structure B?

A) Begin digestion of carbohydrates
B) Begin digestion of proteins
C) Absorption of lipids
D) Absorption of proteins

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the name of the structure labeled A?

A) Salivary gland
B) Mouth
C) Pharynx
D) Tongue

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Where does peristalsis start during deglutition?

A) Mouth
B) Pharynx
C) Esophagus
D) Stomach

Answer 3

C

Question 4

With what digestive organ are these structures associated?

A) Tongue
B) Liver
C) Small intestine
D) Pancreas

Question 5

What is the purpose of the acidic conditions of the stomach?

A) It is necessary to absorb vitamin B₁₂.
B) The acid digests the protein.
C) It activates pepsin and kills microbes.
D) The acid creates small holes called gastric pits, which release the digestive enzymes of the stomach.

Question 6

Which teeth are for piercing and ripping?

A) Incisors
B) Canines
C) Premolars
D) Molars

Question 7

Which nutrient requires the least energy expenditure to arrive in the blood stream?

A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Amino acids
D) Fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 8

The ileum is part of which structure?

A) Large intestine
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Pancreas

Question 9

What is the function of salivary amylase?

A) Digest lipids
B) Digest starch
C) Digest sucrose
D) Digest protein

Question 10

In the illustration, which organ secretes digestive enzymes and produces hormones?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 11

Which stage of swallowing is shown here?

A) Voluntary stage
B) Pharyngeal stage
C) Esophageal stage
D) Pyloric stage

Question 12

The hepatic portal system is composed of blood vessels that bring _________.

A) nutrient-rich blood to the liver for processing
B) oxygen-rich blood to the liver
C) oxygen-poor blood away from the liver
D) bile to the small intestine

Question 13

What is the purpose of mixing waves in the stomach?

A) Stimulation of small intestine
B) Initiation of the ejection of digestive enzymes
C) Mixing gastric juices with bolus
D) Reverse peristalsis

Question 14

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for peristalsis?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa

Question 15

What is the function of structure C?

A) Absorption of lipids
B) Production of saliva
C) Production of enzymes necessary for digestion
D) Digestion and absorption of water

Question 16

What is the name of structure D?

A) Appendix
B) Anus
C) Transverse colon
D) Rectum

Question 17

Which macromolecules are digested in the stomach?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Fats and proteins

Question 18

A cavity is damage to which region of the tooth?

A) Dentin
B) Enamel
C) Pulp
D) Root

Question 19

What is the name of the process pictured here?

A) Digestion
B) Absorption
C) Peristalsis
D) Maceration

Question 20

What is the function of structure C?

A) Production of enzymes necessary for digestion
B) Absorption of water
C) Storage of bile
D) Absorption of vitamins

Question 21

What is a hydrolase?

A) An enzyme that digests water.
B) A cell that makes hydrochloric acid.
C) An enzyme that digests polymers by inserting water molecules between monomers.
D) A cell that absorbs water in the colon.

Question 22

Some enzymes are free-floating in the fluid of the bolus and chyme, while others are located on the surface of the cells of the small intestine.

Question 23

Most digestion and absorption occurs in the:

A) oral cavity.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.

Question 24

Where is pepsin produced?

A) Salivary glands
B) Stomach
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 25

Which nutrient must be converted into a chylomicron prior to being absorbed?

A) Triglycerides
B) Glucose
C) Starch
D) Amino acids

Question 26

The stomach is involved only in chemical digestion.

Question 27

What is the substrate for trypsin?

A) Starch
B) Proteins
C) Triglycerides
D) Lipids

Question 28

What kind of enzyme is shown in this picture?

A) Hepatocyte
B) Synthatase
C) Hydrolase
D) Synthase

Question 29

Once food passes the lower esophageal sphincter, it cannot reverse and flow backwards.

Question 30

The function of Peyers patches is the:

A) production of digestive enzymes.
B) protection from pathogens.
C) absorption of fats.
D) production of hormones.

Question 31

Cows feed on grass which humans can't digest and therefore expand the food supply.

Question 32

The tonsils and MALT are both immune structures associated with the digestive system.

Question 33

Mesenteries are folds in the abdominal lining that help to secure the digestive organs.

Question 34

The portion of the large intestine just before the rectum is the:

A) sigmoid colon.
B) anus.
C) cecum.
D) appendix.

Question 35

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates takes place:

A) in the mouth.
B) in the stomach.
C) in the small intestine.
D) in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 36

The intestinal phase of gastric digestion begins when chyme starts to leave the stomach through the pyloric sphincter.

Question 37

In the diagram, the arrow is pointing at the:

A) rugae sphincter.
B) duodenal sphincter.
C) esophageal sphincter.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 38

If we don't eat, we can break down glycogen and convert fats and proteins into glucose to maintain blood sugar levels.

Question 39

During phase B the release of which hormone increases?

A) CCK
B) Secretin
C) Gastrin
D) Pepsin

Question 40

Chewing is an example of:

A) mechanical digestion.
B) chemical digestion.
C) enzymatic digestion.
D) peristalsis.

Question 41

The digestive system's job is to prepare nutrients to circulate through the ______________.

Question 42

The first part of the small intestine is called the ______________.

Question 43

___________ results from chyme moving too quickly in the colon for water to be absorbed adequately.

Question 44

The phase of digestion that is initiated when you think about and/or smell a delicious food is called the ______________ phase.

Question 45

The names of enzymes, usually include the name of the substrate and the suffix _______.

Question 46

All digestive enzymes except for two, act in the small intestine.

Question 47

All digestive enzymes work best at pH 7.

Question 48

Mechanical digestion alters chemical bonds.

Question 49

What are the five basic processes of the digestive system?

Question 50

E. coli is not normally found in the digestive system; it is only found when a person has acquired food poisoning from eating tainted food.

Question 51

What happens when blood glucose levels drop?

Question 52

The tongue moves the chewed food around the mouth and mixes it with saliva to form a _________, which is then swallowed.

Question 53

The small folds on the inner wall of the small intestine that contain lacteals are called ________.

Question 54

What is the function of the large intestine?

Question 55

The voluntary expulsion of feces from the anus is known as ______________.