Deck 11: The Human Microbiome

Question 1

A patient's gut microbiome profile shows lower diversity. What might be wrong with this patient?

A) Gastric Ulcer
B) Diabetes
C) Depression
D) Eczema

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Bacteria can only communicate with the same species.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Identify the bacterial species found in every area of the human body.

A) Treponmna denticola
B) Staphlococcus epidermidis
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Altering the environment of the gut through diet, stress, or increased antibiotic use, can lead to a life threatening infection of the colon and an increase in

A) Corynebacterium
B) Serratia
C) E. coli
D) Clostridium difficile.

Question 5

Healthy controls consistently have more of which bacteria than unhealthy patients.

A) Firmicutes
B) Actinobacteria
C) Proteobacteria
D) Fusobacteria

Question 6

Biofilms act as individual organisms.

Question 7

Competitive exclusion of pathogens is performed by

A) probiotics
B) prebiotics
C) lymphocytes
D) oligosaccharides

Question 8

Which part of the human body is a good location to search for antibiotic resistant microbes?

A) gut microbiome
B) upper respiratory tract microbiome
C) urogenital microbiome
D) skin microbiome

Question 9

Upregulation and coordinated release of M protein in Streptococcus occurs in

A) induction
B) individual bacteria
C) biofilms
D) low density bacterial populations

Question 10

The protein that bacteria produce to communicate is called

A) biofilm
B) autoinducer
C) a quorum
D) a virulence factor

Question 11

An example of a function the human microbiome is

A) absorption of calcium.
B) the formation of calcium.
C) the formation of vitamin D
D) the formation of vitamin K.

Question 12

A function of probiotics in the gut is

A) decreasing the production of IgA immunoglobulins
B) increasing the production of IgA immunoglobulins
C) decreasing the production of IgG immunoglobulins
D) increasing the production of IgG immunoglobulins

Question 13

Proper brain functioning could be linked to the gut microbiome, because it has been shown to release

A) lipids.
B) non-inflammatory proteins.
C) serotonin.
D) neutrophils.

Question 14

Neurotoxins that lower the functioning in patients suffering from Parkinson's, ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, or Alzheimer's are produced by

A) C. diffiicle
B) Lactobacillus
C) cyanobacteria
D) probiotics

Question 15

The field of study that provides information about all of the genes in a microbiome is

A) Microgenomics
B) Metagenomics
C) Microbiomics
D) Metabiomics

Question 16

It may be possible to disrupt the formation biofilms by blocking the receptor that binds autoinducers on the cell surface of a bacterium.

Question 17

Obese mice can become thin if

A) they are treated with a course of antibiotics
B) the microbiome of a thin mouse is transplanted into their gut.
C) antigen-presenting cells from a thin mouse are transplanted into their bloodstream.
D) the percentage of Firmicutes is increased in the gut.

Question 18

Usually children obtain their microbiome from

A) dirt
B) siblings
C) mother
D) father

Question 19

Considering that identical twins have the same DNA fingerprint, how might you differentiate which twin committed a crime?

A) You can't.
B) DNA fingerprinting and gut microbiome profiling
C) DNA fingerprinting alone
D) DNA fingerprinting and skin microbiome profiling

Question 20

Antigen-presenting cells are trained by

A) armpit microbione
B) urogenital tract microbiome
C) nose microbiome
D) gut microbiome

Question 21

Probiotics are useful in preventing dental caries.

Question 22

Resident skin microbiota produce toxic metabolites that make us sick.

Question 23

The microbiome can be used to identify those at risk for lung cancer.

Question 24

The effort to determine the relationship between disease and changes in the human microbiome is one goal of the _____________________.

Question 25

Probiotics taken after antibiotic treatment will replenish beneficial bacteria and prevent the overgrowth of bacteria associated with disease states.

Question 26

The core microbiome will provide competition for space and resources, limiting the ability of new bacterial species to settle in and take over.

Question 27

Which image indicates a high cell density?

Question 28

Microbial profiles can be used for identification in forensics.

Question 29

Scientists are not concerned with the ethical or legal aspects of the Human Microbiome Project.

Question 30

The composition of bacteria in a healthy individual is identical to a person who is obese.

Question 31

Since microbes are ubiquitous there are no ethical concerns to consider with the Human Microbiome Project.

Question 32

____________ is the method that bacteria use to communicate.

Question 33

_____________ provides information on the genes that are present in the microbiome.

Question 34

The composition of the GI microbiome changes with specific disease states.

Question 35

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is currently being treated using information about a patient's microbiome.

Question 36

Variant or subspecies of bacteria arising from genetic mutations are called __________.

Question 37

The ratio of Firmicutes and Brevibacteium can be correlated with weight.

Question 38

The many unique niches in the human body provide microenvironments for core bacteria.

Question 39

The Human Microbiome Project's first goal is to characterize the typical microbiome found in and on the human body.

Question 40

The image shown here illustrates the microbial makeup of an individual who is _________________.

Question 41

Different bacterial strains yield the subtle yet important differences in the maintenance constant conditions or ______________ in human health.

Question 42

_____________ are trained by the gut microbiome?

Question 43

Because the gut microbiome is filled with bacteria, it is a good place to look for _____________bacteria.

Question 44

Antimicrobials are produced by ____________.

Question 45

Gut microbes provide _______of our energy needs.

Question 46

Based on the composition of the GI microbiome in this image, what is wrong with the patient?

Question 47

Describe how to keep the microbiome healthy.

Question 48

Lactobacillus and _____________ are the two most common probiotics.

Question 49

The National Institute of Justice is investigating the use of microbiomes for __________investigations.

Question 50

The ___________ provides protection from pathogenic bacteria.

Question 51

A pathological imbalance in the microbiome community is diagnosed as ____________.

Question 52

Describe some of the ethical concerns of the Human Microbiome Project.