Deck 7: The Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following axons conduct impulses more quickly?

A) A
B) B
C) A and B conduct impulses at the same speed
D) Neither A nor B are involved in conducting impulses

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which structure increases the speed of impulse transmission?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which nervous system division is referred to as the "fight-or-flight" system?

A) Central nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The division of the nervous system that regulates functions such as blood vessel diameter and stomach activity is the:

A) autonomic division
B) somatic division
C) central division
D) All of these choices are correct

Question 5

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

A) Conscious movement
B) Regulating digestion
C) Integrating and analyzing sensory information
D) Regulating blood pressure

Question 6

The junction between two neurons is called a(an):

A) neuromuscular junction
B) gap junction
C) synapse
D) axon terminal

Question 7

Which feature sets the nervous system apart from other organ systems?

A) It maintains homeostasis
B) The immediacy of response
C) Its size
D) The location

Question 8

What is the name of the structure labeled as "A"?

A) Dendrites
B) Cell body
C) Axon
D) Axon terminals

Question 9

During normal resting condition, the levels of which positive ions are higher outside the neuron than inside?

A) Sodium ions
B) Chloride ions
C) Potassium ions
D) Calcium ions

Question 10

Which type of cell cleans up cellular debris and pathogens in the nervous system?

A) Microglia
B) Schwann cell
C) Astrocyte
D) Ependymal cell

Question 11

What is the name of the structure labeled as "B"?

A) Cell body
B) Dendrites
C) Axon
D) Myelin sheath

Question 12

Compared to thicker axons, thinner axons:

A) conduct impulses more quickly
B) conduct impulses more often
C) conduct impulses more slowly
D) produce smaller action potentials

Question 13

What is the result of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

A) Depolarization
B) Hyperpolarization
C) Repolarization
D) An action potential

Question 14

Neurotransmitters are stored in:

A) the axon terminal
B) the synapse
C) the presynaptic neuron
D) the postsynaptic neuron

Question 15

What is the absolute refractory period?

A) Sodium channels have returned to their original state.
B) Sodium and potassium channels are returning to their original state.
C) Sodium channels are open but potassium channels are closed.
D) Sodium and potassium channels are open.

Question 16

What is a typical resting potential for neurons?

A) +30 mV
B) +15 mV
C) -55 mV
D) -70 mV

Question 17

Which type of neuron sends information away from the central nervous system?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) All of these choices are correct

Question 18

Depolarization of a membrane begins with the:

A) opening of chloride channels
B) opening of sodium channels
C) opening of potassium channels
D) closing of potassium channels

Question 19

What is the function of the afferent part of the peripheral nervous system?

A) Send motor commands to muscles
B) Transmit information from different receptors
C) Integrate and analyze sensory information
D) Control heart beat by changing its rhythm

Question 20

Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Peripheral nervous system

Question 21

What is the name of the structure labeled as "E"?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum
C) Medulla
D) Pons

Question 22

Which structure contains acetylcholine?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 23

Which type of cell allows the regeneration of neuronal axons in the peripheral nervous system?

A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Motor neuron
C) Schwann cell
D) Interneuron

Question 24

Which phase of an action potential is depicted here?

A) Resting state
B) Depolarization
C) Repolarization
D) Hyperpolarization

Question 25

What is the function of the area of the cerebrum labeled as "A"?

A) Hearing
B) Contemplating the future
C) Vision
D) Touch

Question 26

Which type of protection for the central nervous system is not shown in this diagram?

A) Bones of the axial skeleton
B) Meninges
C) Dura mater
D) Cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation

Question 27

What is the name of the area labeled as "B"?

A) Prefrontal cortex
B) Wernicke's area
C) Visual association area
D) Broca's area

Question 28

What is the name of the structure labeled as "C"?

A) Cerebrum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Thalamus
D) Medulla

Question 29

How many cranial nerves are there?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 12
D) 31

Question 30

The channels shown here are:

A) ligand gated
B) voltage gated
C) mechanically regulated
D) temperature regulated

Question 31

What is the name of the structure labeled as "A"?

A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Thalamus
D) Pituitary gland

Question 32

What is the function of structure as "B"?

A) Contains vital centers related to respiration
B) Conscious thought
C) Coordination and learned motor skills
D) Regulation of body temperature and heart rate

Question 33

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the heart rate?

A) Lowers it
B) Increases it
C) Maintains it
D) Increases it first then lowers it after the emergency is gone

Question 34

Which phase of an action potential is depicted here?

A) Resting phase
B) Depolarization
C) Repolarization
D) Hyperpolarization

Question 35

Which phase of an action potential is depicted here?

A) Resting phase
B) Depolarization
C) Repolarization
D) Hyperpolarization

Question 36

What type of neuron is label "A" indicating?

A) Motor
B) Sensory
C) Interneuron
D) Effector

Question 37

Which structure is a chemical-gated ion channel?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 38

What is the function of structure as "D"?

A) Relay station for most incoming sensory information
B) Coordination and balance
C) Contains reflex centers for sneezing and coughing
D) Control of the pituitary gland via hormones

Question 39

The non-compressible fluid that protects the brain and the spinal cord is called:

A) blood
B) lymph
C) plasma
D) cerebrospinal fluid

Question 40

What is the function of structure as "F"?

A) Contains vital centers related to blood pressure and reflex centers for swallowing
B) Contains vital centers focused on respiration
C) Processing and integration of sensory information
D) Relay station for most incoming sensory information

Question 41

What is the placement of white and grey matter in the brain as compared their placement in the spinal cord?

A) White matter is on the surface of the cerebrum and surrounds the gray matter in the spinal cord.
B) Grey matter is on the surface of the cerebrum and surrounds the white matter in the spinal cord.
C) Grey matter is on the surface of the cerebrum and white matter surrounds grey matter in the spinal cord.
D) White matter is on the surface of the cerebrum, and grey matter surrounds white matter in the spinal cord.

Question 42

The part of the brain that focuses on muscles and movement is the

A) Cerebellum
B) Diencephalon
C) Cerebrum
D) Brain stem

Question 43

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) cause a slight depolarization of the neuron.

Question 44

Repolarization is due to the opening of sodium channels.

Question 45

Understanding language, including the words just formed by Broca's area, is accomplished by Wernicke's area.

Question 46

Ependymal cells are neuroglia which assist in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 47

Identify the structure labeled B.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) arachnoid mater
D) neurons

Question 48

The outer covering of the brain is a tough connective tissue layer called the dura mater.

Question 49

The ancient root of life which controls the vital centers of the body is the

A) Cerebellum
B) Diencephalon
C) Cerebrum
D) Brain stem

Question 50

The __________ nervous system is responsible for relaxation.

Question 51

Identify the structure labeled A.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) arachnoid mater
D) neurons

Question 52

Which layer of the meninges cannot be peeled off without damaging the neurons of the brain?

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) arachnoid mater
D) CSF

Question 53

Our special senses include receptors for touch, pain, and temperature.

Question 54

Motor impulses generated by the central nervous system are taken to muscles or glands by the __________ division of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 55

The brain is composed of interneurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons.

Question 56

In the diagram known as the homunculus, the hands are drawn to indicate that a large proportion of both the primary motor area and primary somatosensory area is devoted to them.

Question 57

It is possible that ADHD is partly due to poor function of the Broca's area. .

Question 58

The spinal nerves only contain sensory neurons while the cranial nerves contain only motor neurons.

Question 59

All potassium channels are voltage regulated on the neuron membrane.

Question 60

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves whereas the somatic division of the perifpheral nervous system is composed of neuroglia.

Question 61

The __________ is known as the "fight-or-flight" part of our nervous system because it causes the surge in energy we feel during emergency situations.

Question 62

The medulla oblongata and pons are part of the __________ , the part of the brain anatomically and physiologically closest to the spinal cord.

Question 63

The covering around axons, which is produced by neuroglia, is called the __________

Question 64

A __________ neuron transmits impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 65

List and describe the three types of channels found in the neuron membrane.

Question 66

Extremely quick responses to sensory stimuli known as __________ involve the spinal cord and are generally designed to keep us safe from danger.

Question 67

The following figure illustrates a __________ ion channel.

Question 68

Name the components of a reflex arc and briefly explain the function of each.

Question 69

The difference in electrical charge between two sides of a membrane is known as the __________.

Question 70

The sodium-potassium exchange pump helps stabilize sodium and potassium ion concentrations by moving __________ sodium ions out of the cell and __________ potassium ions into it.

Question 71

In general, it can be said that for most people, the __________ hemisphere analyzes sensory input, recognizes faces, and functions in spatial relationships.

Question 72

A __________ neuron requires a larger stimulus to reach threshold and begin an action potential.

Question 73

In general, it can be said that for most people, the __________ hemisphere includes the general language interpretation and speech centers, and controls writing and speaking.

Question 74

One of the most common neurotransmitters is __________ , and it is responsible for the adrenaline rush we experience during tense situations.

Question 75

__________ is the perception of stimuli from within the body giving information on body position and posture.

Question 76

The __________ is a relay center between other parts of the brain.

Question 77

Alcohol is a depressant because it causes the uncontrollable release of __________ , an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Question 78

This figure illustrates the __________ nervous system.