Deck 7: Lower Extremity

Question 1

The bone part identified in this figure is the:

A) lateral condyle.
B) medial condyle.
C) greater trochanter.
D) lesser trochanter.

Answer 1

lesser trochanter.

Question 2

How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Seven

Answer 2

Five

Question 3

The largest and strongest bone in the body is the:

A) tibia.
B) femur.
C) hip.
D) skull.

Answer 3

femur.

Question 4

The area identified on the patella in this figure is the:

A) apex.
B) base.
C) inferior articulating surface.
D) superior articulating surface.

Question 5

The superior surface of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

A) dorsal
B) plantar
C) anterior
D) superior

Question 6

How many bones make up the leg?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 7

The aspect of the foot shown in this figure is the:

A) dorsal.
B) plantar.
C) medial.
D) lateral.

Question 8

The bone of the foot indicated by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) navicular.
B) talus.
C) calcaneus.
D) medial cuneiform.

Question 9

The second largest bone in the body is the:

A) hip.
B) tibia.
C) femur.
D) skull.

Question 10

The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the:

A) calcaneus.
B) navicular.
C) medial cuneiform.
D) lateral cuneiform.

Question 11

How many phalanges are in the great toe?

A) None
B) One
C) Two
D) Three

Question 12

The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) medial epicondyle.
B) tibial tuberosity.
C) medial malleolus.
D) medial condyle.

Question 13

The bone part identified in this figure is the:

A) lateral condyle.
B) lateral malleolus.
C) medial condyle.
D) medial epicondyle.

Question 14

The second largest tarsal bone,and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot,is the:

A) talus.
B) navicular.
C) calcaneus.
D) medial cuneiform.

Question 15

How many bones are in the foot?

A) 14
B) 26
C) 27
D) 29

Question 16

How many tarsal bones are in the foot?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Seven

Question 17

The bone of the foot indicated by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) navicular.
B) talus.
C) calcaneus.
D) medial cuneiform.

Question 18

How many phalanges are in the foot?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 14
D) 26

Question 19

The bone part identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) lateral condyle.
B) medial condyle.
C) lateral malleolus.
D) medial malleolus.

Question 20

The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

A) posterior
B) caudal
C) dorsal
D) plantar

Question 21

For a lateral projection of the foot,the central ray is directed to the:

A) head of the third metatarsal.
B) base of the third metatarsal.
C) tibiotalar joint.
D) navicular.

Question 22

The name of the small round bones located on the plantar surface of the foot,typically beneath the first MTP joint,is the:

A) cuneiforms.
B) sesamoids.
C) tarsals.
D) epicondyles.

Question 23

How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in medial rotation?

A) 10 to 15
B) 20 to 25
C) 40 to 60
D) 30 to 45

Question 24

The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees posteriorly.
C) 10 degrees posteriorly.
D) 15 degrees posteriorly.

Question 25

Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed?

A) Lateromedial (lateral recumbent position)
B) Mediolateral (lateral recumbent position)
C) Lateromedial (standing weight-bearing)
D) Mediolateral (standing weight-bearing)

Question 26

The bone identified by the arrow in this figure is the:

A) tibia.
B) cuboid.
C) talus.
D) navicular.

Question 27

Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch?

A) AP axial
B) AP oblique medial rotation
C) Lateral (lateromedial)
D) Lateral (lateromedial)weight-bearing

Question 28

For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation,the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of:

A) 15 degrees.
B) 30 degrees.
C) 45 degrees.
D) 60 degrees.

Question 29

How many degrees of angulation are required to open the IP joint spaces of the toes on an AP projection?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 30

The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot?

A) Head of the second metatarsal
B) Head of the third metatarsal
C) Base of the third metatarsal
D) Base of the fourth metatarsal

Question 31

Which projection is demonstrated in this photograph?

A) PA foot
B) AP axial foot
C) Axial calcaneus (plantodorsal)
D) Axial calcaneus (dorsoplantar)

Question 32

What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal)projection of the calcaneus?

A) 25 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 35 degrees
D) 40 degrees

Question 33

How is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe?

A) Supine,with the affected leg turned out
B) Supine,with the affected leg turned in
C) Lateral,on the affected side
D) Recumbent,on the unaffected side

Question 34

To better demonstrate the TMT joint spaces of the foot,a posterior angulation of how many degrees is required?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 35

All of the following forms the ankle mortise,except:

A) lateral malleolus of the fibula.
B) medial surface of the tibia.
C) inferior surface of the tibia.
D) medial malleolus of the tibia.

Question 36

The central ray for an AP oblique projection of the foot is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees posteriorly.
C) 10 degrees posteriorly.
D) 15 degrees posteriorly.

Question 37

Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) AP oblique in lateral rotation
D) AP oblique in medial rotation

Question 38

For an AP projection of the toes,the central ray is directed to the:

A) second IP joint
B) second MTP joint
C) third MTP joint
D) base of the third metatarsal

Question 39

What is the patient position for a lateral projection of the third,fourth,or fifth toes?

A) Supine,with the leg and foot laterally rotated
B) 45 degrees oblique,with the leg and foot laterally rotated
C) Lateral recumbent,on the affected side
D) Lateral recumbent,on the unaffected side

Question 40

The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the _____ oblique in _____.

A) AP; medial rotation
B) AP; lateral rotation
C) PA; medial rotation
D) PA; Grashey method

Question 41

The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?

A) 15
B) 20
C) 45
D) 30

Question 42

Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?

A) AP
B) AP oblique,15- to 20-degree internal rotation
C) AP oblique,45-degree internal rotation
D) AP oblique,45-degree external rotation

Question 43

What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?

A) Perpendicular to the IR
B) Parallel to the IR
C) At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (laterally)
D) At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (medially)

Question 44

Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus?

A) Lateral (lateromedial)
B) Lateral (mediolateral)
C) Lateromedial oblique
D) Lateromedial oblique,weight-bearing

Question 45

Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?

A) AP and lateral
B) AP and both obliques
C) AP stress studies
D) AP,lateral,and both obliques

Question 46

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?

A) Directly over the tibia
B) Behind the tibia
C) Over the anterior half of the tibia
D) Over the posterior half of the tibia

Question 47

The central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the ankle is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 7 degrees cephalad.
D) 10 degrees caudad.

Question 48

Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli?

A) AP
B) AP oblique,15- to 20-degree internal rotation
C) AP oblique,45-degree internal rotation
D) AP oblique,45-degree external rotation

Question 49

The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the ankle is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 7 degrees caudad.
D) 15 degrees caudad.

Question 50

To demonstrate the ankle mortise,the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 45
D) 15 to 20

Question 51

When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR,the ankle is in position for which projection?

A) AP
B) AP oblique,45-degree lateral rotation
C) AP oblique,45-degree medial rotation
D) AP oblique,15- to 20-degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise

Question 52

What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the leg?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 7 degrees caudad
D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad

Question 53

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

A) Tibiotalar
B) Lateral malleoli
C) Ankle mortise
D) Tibiofibular overlapping

Question 54

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the calcaneus is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad.

Question 55

For an AP projection of the ankle,the central ray must enter the:

A) talus.
B) subtalar joint.
C) talofibular joint.
D) ankle joint,midway between the malleoli.

Question 56

All of the following must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle,except:

A) pelvis.
B) knee joint.
C) foot.
D) leg.

Question 57

For a lateral projection of the ankle,the central ray must enter the:

A) navicular.
B) tibiofibular joint.
C) medial malleolus.
D) lateral malleolus.

Question 58

For an axial projection of the calcaneus,the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is:

A) parallel with the central ray.
B) perpendicular to the central ray.
C) 70 degrees from the plane of the IR.
D) 90 degrees from the plane of the IR.

Question 59

To prevent lateral rotation,how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

A) In dorsiflexion
B) In plantar flexion
C) On a 10-degree angle wedge
D) On a 15-degree angle wedge

Question 60

The central-ray angulation for the AP ankle projection is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 10 degrees caudad.
D) 15 to 20 degrees caudad.

Question 61

The central-ray angle for AP oblique projections of the knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 7 degrees cephalad.
D) variable,depending on the ASIS-to-tabletop distance.

Question 62

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm,the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 63

The patient position and central-ray method demonstrated in this figure is the:

A) Holmblad (intercondylar fossa).
B) Camp-Coventry (intercondylar fossa).
C) Settegast (patellofemoral joint).
D) Hughston (patellofemoral joint).

Question 64

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is less than 19 cm,the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees caudad.

Question 65

Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following projections?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) PA,bilateral weight-bearing
D) AP,bilateral weight-bearing

Question 66

How far should the IR or collimated field extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg?

A) to 1 inch
B) 1 to 2 inches
C) 1 to 1inches
D) 2 to 2inches

Question 67

How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method)of the intercondylar fossa?

A) Perpendicular to the lower leg
B) Perpendicular to the femur
C) 40 to 50 degrees to lower leg
D) 40 to 50 degrees to the femur

Question 68

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad.
C) dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.
D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 69

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?

A) inch above the patellar base
B) inch above the patellar apex
C) inch below the patellar base
D) inch below the patellar apex

Question 70

The patient position and central ray shown in this figure will demonstrate the:

A) patella.
B) patellofemoral joint.
C) intercondylar fossa.
D) tibiofibular joint space.

Question 71

Often,the leg is too long to fit on one IR for radiographs.Which joint or joints should be included on the IR when the site of a lesion is known?

A) The ankle joint
B) The knee joint
C) Both joints on two IRs
D) The joint closest to the lesion

Question 72

Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint space?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) Lateral
D) AP of both knees with weight-bearing

Question 73

For an AP oblique projection of the knee,the limb is rotated _____ degrees.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 45
D) 40

Question 74

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is between 19 and 24 cm,the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 75

In which position is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella?

A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Lateral
D) Upright

Question 76

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?

A) inch above the patellar apex
B) 1 inch above the patellar apex
C) inch below the patellar apex
D) 1 inch below the patellar apex

Question 77

How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?

A) 10 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 10 to 20 degrees
D) 20 to 30 degrees

Question 78

When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection,the patella will lie:

A) directly in the center of the limb.
B) slightly to the medial side.
C) slightly to the lateral side.
D) parallel with the tabletop.

Question 79

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation?

A) Distal fibula
B) Tibiotalar articulation
C) Patellofemoral joint space
D) Tibiofibular articulation

Question 80

The central-ray angle for an AP,bilateral weight-bearing knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 to 7 degrees caudad.
D) dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.